This article presents a literature review of pertinent research that has dealt with the relationships between music education and emergent literacy in preschoolers during the past 20 years. In total, 13 correlational and quasi-experimental studies were summarized and compared. These interdisciplinary studies have demonstrated that music education…

Reviews concepts of aptitude and aptitude-treatment interaction (ATI) and summarizes lessons learned in ATI research on educational treatments to help ATI research on psychotherapeutic treatments. Research design and data analysis recommendations address aptitude distributions, multivariate aptitude complexes, detective work with scatterplots,…

The paper cites difficulties in aptitude-treatment interaction (ATI) research which investigates relationships between test performance and the extent of profiting from instruction. Two methods for ATI research (regression analysis and analysis of variance) are described, assumptions and potential mininterpretations are noted, and correct…

This report explores the complex agenda of issues, promise, and problems that building a developmental science of programming entails and emphasizes the need to highlight different types of programming and programmers, the different cognitive subtasks involved in programming, and the social character of many programming efforts. An introduction…

The ability of young children to learn music is commonly underestimated. There is a large amount of research and empirical evidence which indicates that (1) early childhood is the most critical period for learning fundamental concepts and skills in music and (2) children's potential for musical growth declines with age. (Author/NQ)

This review of the literature on aptitude by treatment interaction concentrates on studies which investigated two or more instructional treatments in a quantitative subject area--primarily mathematics--with different populations of students on whom measures of individual differences in aptitude were available. Designed to formulate some tentative…

This paper reviews the various matching model (aptitude-treatment-interaction) strategies that might be used in human relations training (HRT) settings. The introduction provides a definition of matching models, discusses the need for a matching model approach in HRT, identifies certain assumptions about HRT, and provides an overview of the rest…

Research on the relationship between musical aptitude and mental retardation is reviewed, examining the cortical representation of music, the influence of the degree of retardation, musical components such as melody and harmony, the nature of disability, and directions for future research. The sparsity of documentation in this area is discussed.…

Outlines issues surrounding construction of self-reported ability-skill-efficacy measures, including validity, response format, and norms. Illustrates how they were addressed in the development of the Kuder Skills Assessment, which consists of six self-efficacy subscales congruent with the Kuder Career Search. (Contains 46 references.) (SK)

Richard E. Snow, working from his new aptitude theory, advocated a multidimensional approach to validating the construct of academic achievement. This report briefly describes Snows recommended approach and then summarizes new evidence from recent studies in terms of three related themes: (1) multidimensionality of science achievement; (2)…

Effective problem solvers have an aptitude complex composed of cognitive, affective, and conative factors. After diagnosing learning readiness, instructions can organize strategies to help students structure knowledge and develop the attitudes, confidence, and skills to think through application-level problems. (SK)

Cognitive theories of problem solving and suggestions made by cognitive psychologists regarding how to teach problem solving are reviewed. Theories and suggestions from creativity research are also considered. The results are summarized in terms of a description of how high levels of proficiency in problem solving are acquired and how problem…

Commentary discusses concepts of "robustness" as the focal point in evaluating controversies surrounding "The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in America," particularly as it applies to relationships between IQ variation and school achievement. Emphasis is placed on distinguishing between concepts of reasonableness versus robustness in…

Teachers continue to address the question of how to adapt instruction to recognize the existence of different learning styles yet provide quality education for all students. Traditionally, instructional models available to teachers and curriculum planners ranged along a continuum from lockstep to individualization. This definition has led to…

Research syntheses of individual bivariate studies of the effects of specific predictor variables on student outcomes are considered. Walberg's nine-factor model of educational productivity is used to organize the syntheses and to identify aptitudinal, instructional, and environmental variables linked with student achievement and learning. (TJH)