A Kohonen Self-Organizing Map, a type of artificial neural network, was used to classify 547 counseling clients into eight categories based on aptitudes. Categories resembled the major typologies of people and jobs by Holland and others, suggesting the usefulness of self-organizing neural networks for career counseling. (SK)

The Personality Assessment System (PAS) is based on the theory that people will seek situations that use their strengths and avoid their weaknesses. Studies operationalizing the theory through the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale support the use of PAS in improving person-job match and increasing self-knowledge for career development. (SK)

Employed women (n=198) completed the General Aptitude Test Battery and Minnesota Ability Estimation Questionnaire. They were significantly more likely to underestimate their general learning, verbal, and spatial ability; form perception; and motor coordination. This tendency was related to the realism of their occupational choice. (SK)

Outlines issues surrounding construction of self-reported ability-skill-efficacy measures, including validity, response format, and norms. Illustrates how they were addressed in the development of the Kuder Skills Assessment, which consists of six self-efficacy subscales congruent with the Kuder Career Search. (Contains 46 references.) (SK)