The paper cites difficulties in aptitude-treatment interaction (ATI) research which investigates relationships between test performance and the extent of profiting from instruction. Two methods for ATI research (regression analysis and analysis of variance) are described, assumptions and potential mininterpretations are noted, and correct…

The use of cognitive entry behaviors and instructional techniques as a new avenue for researchers in science education is discussed. (JMF)

Working memory (WM) is the set of mental processes holding limited information in a temporarily accessible state in service of cognition. We provide a theoretical framework to understand the relation between WM and aptitude measures. The WM measures that have yielded high correlations with aptitudes include separate storage-and-processing task…

The Joreskog and Sorbom LISREL (linear structural relations) method is investigated as an alternative to regression analysis in studies of aptitude-treatment interactions (ATI), to solve problems caused by unreliability of measurements and by large sets of variables. A study reported by M.J. Behr is reanalyzed. This study investigated relations…

Subjects were pretested and then randomly assigned to a verbal treatment or a figural treatment for a programed lesson on the integers modulo 7. The expected interactions among treatment success and cognitive abilities were not observed. The authors suggest further study. (SD)

This study examined the interactive relations among note-taking (NT), adjunct questions (AQ), and paying attention (PA) by students in lecture situations. The subject pool consisted of 154 students enrolled in basic psychology at the University of Massachusetts. Three aptitude tests were administered to all subjects. These tests measured (1) short…

This study sought to clarify the relationships between modes of presentation (verbal vs spatial), explicitness of presentation (little or much), and student aptitudes (verbal vs spatial). Findings are discussed and several areas for future aptitude-treatment-interaction research are suggested. (Author/JEG)

To investigate the role expectation based rules governing formal reasoning performance, a battery of group and individual aptitude measures and formal reasoning tests were administered to 17-year-olds. Individual differences in usage of these rules were clarified by establishing an overlap between an aptitude model and formal reasoning.…

Discusses epistemological and methodological issues regarding aptitude-treatment interactions (ATI) in psychotherapy. Noting that track record of interactional research is not very encouraging, argues that ATI research should focus on heuristic goal of illuminating mechanisms and processes that make therapies differentially effective. Suggests…

Subjects were randomly assigned to a deductively structured verbal-symbolic-numeric treatment or an inductively structured verbal-spatial-numeric treatment for a unit on quadratic inequalities. Success on the deductive symbolic approach was associated with general reasoning ability; success on the inductive spatial approach was associated with…

THE MAJOR PART OF THIS CONFERENCE REPORT DEVELOPS THE CONFERENCE THEME, "INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING," AS PRESENTED BY THE PRINCIPAL SPEAKER, JOHN B. CARROLL. HIS PAPER TREATS RATE OF LEARNING, SPECIALIZED TRAITS IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE APTITUDE (PHONETIC CODING ABILITY, GRAMMATICAL SENSITIVITY, ROTE LEARNING ABILITY,…

The present study chose as its focus one of the primary reasons of why aptitude-treatment interactions (ATI) are difficult to find: methodological problems in the measurement of aptitude itself. The aptitude selected for this study is sensory modality preferences. Three types of modality data were gathered: norm-referenced (Illinois Test of…

Students were measured on eleven aptitudes from Guilford's structure-of-intellect cube, and randomly assigned to symbolic or figural instructional modes for a unit on functions. Achievement was measured and compared for students with different aptitudes. (SD)

Notes that smaller than expected main effects in psychotherapy research are often attributed to mismatches between clients and treatment. Examines issues in aptitude-treatment interaction (ATI) research in psychotherapy, including Type II and Type III errors, manipulation checks from both patient and practitioner perspectives, considerations of…