Treatment for two types of anxiety was tested in 78 black college freshmen: state anxiety, characterized by subjective feelings of tension, apprehension, and worry; and trait anxiety, the disposition to perceive a certain situation as threatening or dangerous. Students who were found to have high anxiety levels were assigned to four treatment…

Subjects were 103 ninth graders in a social science source. Neither instructional treatments varying in amount of structure and student participation nor personality alone contributed significantly to the prediction of achievement, but interactions between them did. Treatment effects depended on the student's verbal ability, manifest anxiety, and…

Naturally occurring aptitude-treatment interactions (ATI) were investigated with three teaching approaches: lecture-recitation, inquiry, and public issues discussion. When the measure of student performance was based on objectives of the approach, the results showed an ATI for ability X anxiety that was partially replicated across studies.…