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Engle, Carol D.; Lerch, Harold H. – School Science and Mathematics, 1971
Describes a study which compares the abilities of 130 first graders in responding correctly to open (Computational) addition exercises to their abilities in responding to equivalent problems stated in the closed form. No statistical difference between levels of correct responses to opened or closed exercises was indicated. (PR)
Descriptors: Addition, Arithmetic, Elementary School Mathematics, Evaluation

Hervey, Margaret A.; Litwiller, Bonnie H. – School Science and Mathematics, 1970
Descriptors: Addition, Arithmetic, Elementary School Mathematics, Instruction

Schrock, Connie; Morrow, Jean – School Science and Mathematics, 1993
Discusses three methods to teach the order of operations to middle school students: (1) asking students to fill in operations in a statement to obtain a given answer; (2) using mnemonics to remember operation order; and (3) having students discover the logic system used by their calculators. (MDH)
Descriptors: Addition, Arithmetic, Calculators, Computation