Analyzed the lyrics of the 100 most popular songs in America from the 1950s to the 1980s to assess their value themes. Extracted nine value themes: romantic love, celebration, humanitarianism, antiestablishmentarianism, friendship, patriotism, narcissism, self-esteem, and nostalgia. Romantic love, particularly that of "innocent" young…

Presents the rationale for using cinematic films as therapeutic metaphors. Provides two case studies to illustrate how movies can help clients gain insight into problems. Claims that clients' interpretations of second and third levels of meaning in cinematic films can help them deal with long-buried emotions. (RJM)

Uses Frank L. Baum's "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" to illustrate the similarity between Dorothy's adventures and clients seeking answers to their problems. Describes clients' search for help, the meaning of the great wizard and the good witch, and the fallibility of wizardry. Discusses the power of metaphor. (RJM)

Using stories, illustrates some universal points regarding counseling. Claims that stories can help counselors understand the process of discovering their own identities and that outside knowledge can create new possibilities that lead to change. Emphasizes the blending of self-understanding with relevant outside knowledge. (RJM)

Presents a rationale for using expressive art therapy with clients and outlines many of the forms and techniques that can be used. Discusses art and drawing, play, sand tray work, writing, and storytelling. Describes ways to interpret art activities and some training suggestions for art therapists. (RJM)

Investigated effects of group counseling using art activities in improving self-esteem among Hawaiian elementary children (N=50). Found subjects who participated in counseling had higher Social Peer-Related and Academics/School-Related Self-Esteem scores than children who did not participate. (ABL)

Describes how creative arts are enmeshed in historical and contemporary Native spiritual and humanistic value systems. Claims that the interconnectedness of creative arts and Native existence represents a feasible option for helping professionals who work with this population. Presents examples to support the potential of this intervention. (RJM)