Two visual world experiments investigated the priming of form (e.g., phonology) during language processing. In Experiment 1, participants heard high cloze probability sentences like "In order to have a closer look, the dentist asked the man to open his . . ." while viewing visual arrays with objects like a predictable target mouth,…

It was anticipated that the single-word free association responses to sentences varying in degree of semantic integration (as indexed by sentence norms) would differ quantitatively. One group of 60 undergraduates was given a list of 16 sentences characterized by high semantic integration (HSI), while another group of 60 undergraduates received a…

Previous researchers have argued that objects associated with a protagonist may be foregrounded, or held active, in memory. This study expanded on previous work by using an inconsistency paradigm to investigate the effects of protagonist association on object accessibility. Readers experienced more processing difficulty when a target sentence…

Forty eight undergraduates were assigned to two groups of 24 subjects each. The high association (HA) group was given booklets that contained a series of nouns associatively related according to free association norms, one pair to a page; the low association (LA) group was given booklets containing pairs of associatively unrelated nouns. The…

The effect of within- and between-phrase normative controlled association and phrase structure upon word integration in sentence recall was studied in two experiments. The two experiments differed only with respect to the type of two-phrase sentence used. In both experiments, one group of subjects was given four study-test trials on a list of four…

Phenomena of clustering and subjective organization in free recall are defined by recall-order consistency, which is assumed to reflect the organization a subject imposes upon material he is required to memorize. Contiguity of experience ("thinking" about items together) is proposed as the dominant force underlying this consistency. (Author/FWB)

The results of the experiments reported here suggest that the main organizational principle in bilingual free recall is one in terms of both category and language membership, and not language or semantic category alone. Subjects were Arabic-English bilinguals and Arabic-French-English trilinguals. (Author/FWB)

The experiments reported here confirmed the findings of earlier researchers that transitive verbs are more difficult to recall than intransitive ones and furthermore established a close relationship between transitive verbs and nouns. Implications for linguistic theory are discussed. (FB)

This document comprises two studies. In the first, 108 undergraduates were assigned to nine groups of 12 subjects each in a 3 x 3 factorial design. One factor was prompt word (subject noun, main verb, or object noun) and the other was sentence type (active, passive, or relative. Sentence type was included in the study in order to vary the position…

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that the recall of verbal material (critical material) accompanying semantically well integrated (SWI) sentences will be superior to the recall of verbal material accompanying semantically poorly integrated (SPI) sentences. This hypothesis was based upon the conclusion derived from previous research…

THIS IS AN EXTENSION OF A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC STUDY BEGUN IN 1966 INVOLVING WORD ASSOCIATION NORMS. THE FIRST EXPERIMENT ANALYZED IN TERMS OF FREQUENCY TABLES VERB AND OBJECT RESPONSES TO SUBJECT-NOUNS IN A DECLARATIVE SENTENCE FRAME, WITH THE LIMITATION THAT IT WAS DIFFICULT TO DETERMINE WHICH OBJECTS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH WHICH VERBS. THIS SECOND…

THIS DOCUMENT COMPRISES TWO EXPERIMENTS--(1) TO INVESTIGATE WHETHER RELATIONS OF SYNONYMITY HAVE SIMILAR EFFECTS TO THOSE OF ASSOCIATION AND (2) TO SEE WHETHER FALSE RECOGNITION IS DUE TO PROCESSES INVOLVED IN INITIAL CODING OF THE STIMULUS OR TO CONFUSION RESULTING FROM THE PRESENTATION OF ITS ASSOCIATE. WHEN ASKED TO INDICATE WHETHER EACH OF 200…

This paper reports the results of a normative study of associations in the context of a simple declarative sentence in a manner that makes possible the estimation of sequential word-to-word dependencies within sentences. The subjects were 60 male and 60 female undergraduate students from educational psychology classes. However, data for males and…

Ninety-six subjects were assigned randomly to eight groups of 12 subjects. The independent variables were (1) controlled association strength between groups of words within a string (high association [HA] versus low association [LA]), (2) syntactic structure (grammatical [G] versus ungrammatical [U] strings), and (3) instructions (ordered learning…

Forty first-grade and 40 seventh-grade children were assigned at random to four groups of 20 each (two at each age level) and were administered four study-test trials involving oral presentation and oral recall of a list of four sentences of the form article-adjective-noun-verb-adverb. Half of the subjects at each level of age were given…