Three experiments are reported examining the effect of context on remember-know judgments. In Experiments 1 and 2, medium-frequency words were intermixed with high-frequency or low-frequency words at study or at test, respectively. Remember responses were greater for medium-frequency targets when they were studied or tested among high-frequency,…

Rats in a Pavlovian situation were trained under three different reward schedules, at either a 30 s or a 90 s intertrial interval (ITI): Consistent reward (C), 50% irregular reward (I), and single alternation of reward and nonrewarded trials (SA). Activity was recorded to the conditioned stimulus (CS) and in all 10 s bins in each ITI except the…

One group of undergraduates responded under a fixed-ratio (FR) 25 schedule and a second group responded under a differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate (DRL) 5-s schedule (first history phase). Both groups of subjects were then exposed to a differential-reinforcement-of-other-behavior (DRO) 5-s schedule (second history phase), and finally to…

The focus of this article was with the general question of how stimuli are established as signals or acquire associative strength, and no distinction being made between classical and instrumental experiments. (Author/RK)

From birth, infants prefer to look at faces that engage them in direct eye contact. In adults, direct gaze is known to modulate the processing of faces, including the recognition of individuals. In the present study, we investigate whether direction of gaze has any effect on face recognition in four-month-old infants. Four-month infants were shown…

The encoding specificity effect was examined in three recognition memory experiments employing an associative processing (cuing) task. (Editor)

The role of acetylcholine and central catecholamines in modulating aversively motivated behaviors, and behavior following exposure to uncontrollable stressors, is evaluated. (Editor)

The present study was designed to explore age differences in the association of temperatures with specific colors, using as stimuli actual felt temperatures rather than the 'imagined' or ambient temperatures used in other studies. (Author)

THIS DOCUMENT COMPRISES TWO EXPERIMENTS--(1) TO INVESTIGATE WHETHER RELATIONS OF SYNONYMITY HAVE SIMILAR EFFECTS TO THOSE OF ASSOCIATION AND (2) TO SEE WHETHER FALSE RECOGNITION IS DUE TO PROCESSES INVOLVED IN INITIAL CODING OF THE STIMULUS OR TO CONFUSION RESULTING FROM THE PRESENTATION OF ITS ASSOCIATE. WHEN ASKED TO INDICATE WHETHER EACH OF 200…

According to construal level theory (N. Liberman, Y. Trope, & E. Stephan, in press; Y. Trope & N. Liberman, 2003), people use a more abstract, high construal level when judging, perceiving, and predicting more psychologically distal targets, and they judge more abstract targets as being more psychologically distal. The present research…

This research investigated whether a person who gives familiar, easy to understand associations is better liked than someone who gives unfamiliar, hard to understand associations. (Author/RK)

The authors investigated whether effects of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) are influenced by salience asymmetries, independent of associations. Two series of experiments analyzed unique effects of salience by using nonassociated, neutral categories that differed in salience. In a 3rd series, salience asymmetries were manipulated…

Two experiments offered data relevant to the hypothesis that schizophrenic retrieval is inferior because schizophrenics fail at the time of list presentation to encode adequately to-be-remembered material. (Author/RK)

THIS STUDY INVESTIGATED THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ASSOCIATION VALUE AND SUBJECTIVE RATINGS OF INTEREST IN NOVEL AND FAMILIAR RANDOM POLYGONS OF THREE LEVELS OF COMPLEXITY. SIGNIFICANT INTERACTIONS WERE OBTAINED BETWEEN THESE VARIABLES AT EACH LEVEL OF COMPLEXITY. THE RESULTS OF THE STUDY WERE INTERPRETED ACCORDING TO CURRENT MOTIVATIONAL…

Pictures of common objects apparently function as effective memory representations without evoking their corresponding name codes. The first three experiments of this report were designed to explore the limits of the independence of the naming process by varying relationships between the labels for the pictures and their responses. (Author)