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Direct linkEisenhardt, Dorothea – Learning & Memory, 2014
The honeybee ("Apis mellifera") has long served as an invertebrate model organism for reward learning and memory research. Its capacity for learning and memory formation is rooted in the ecological need to efficiently collect nectar and pollen during summer to ensure survival of the hive during winter. Foraging bees learn to associate a…
Descriptors: Entomology, Rewards, Memory, Learning Processes
Amano, Hisayuki; Maruyama, Ichiro N. – Learning & Memory, 2011
The nematode "Caenorhabditis elegans" ("C. elegans") adult hermaphrodite has 302 invariant neurons and is suited for cellular and molecular studies on complex behaviors including learning and memory. Here, we have developed protocols for classical conditioning of worms with 1-propanol, as a conditioned stimulus (CS), and hydrochloride (HCl) (pH…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Classical Conditioning, Long Term Memory, Olfactory Perception
Larrauri, Jose A.; Schmajuk, Nestor A. – Psychological Review, 2008
The participation of attentional and associative mechanisms in extinction, spontaneous recovery, external disinhibition, renewal, reinstatement, and reacquisition was evaluated through computer simulations with an extant computational model of classical conditioning (N. A. Schmajuk, Y. Lam, & J. A. Gray, 1996; N. A. Schmajuk & J. A. Larrauri,…
Descriptors: Cues, Classical Conditioning, Associative Learning, Computer Simulation
Stout, Steven C.; Miller, Ralph R. – Psychological Review, 2007
Cue competition is one of the most studied phenomena in associative learning. However, a theoretical disagreement has long stood over whether it reflects a learning or performance deficit. The comparator hypothesis, a model of expression of Pavlovian associations, posits that learning is not subject to competition but that performance reflects a…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Competition, Classical Conditioning, Associative Learning
Melchers, Klaus G.; Lachnit, Harold; Shanks, David R. – Learning and Motivation, 2004
In two human skin conductance conditioning experiments we investigated whether processing of stimulus compounds can be influenced by past experience. Participants were either pre-trained with a discrimination problem that could be solved elementally (A+, B-, AB+, C- in Experiment 1 and A+, AB+, C-, CB- in Experiment 2) or one that required a…
Descriptors: Experiential Learning, Stimulation, Classical Conditioning, Learning Processes
Crow, Terry – Learning & Memory, 2004
The less-complex central nervous system of many invertebrates make them attractive for not only the molecular analysis of the associative learning and memory, but also in determining how neural circuits are modified by learning to generate changes in behavior. The nudibranch mollusk "Hermissenda crassicornis" is a preparation that has contributed…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Identification, Classical Conditioning, Anatomy
Peer reviewedKehoe, E. James – Psychological Review, 1988
A detailed description of a layered network model is provided, with computer simulations of key associative learning phenomena and predictions generated from the model. The model is compared to more conventional theories of learning to learn and configural learning. (SLD)
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Classical Conditioning, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Psychology
Reyes, Fredy D.; Mozzachiodi, Riccardo; Baxter, Douglas A.; Byrne, John H. – Learning & Memory, 2005
In a recently developed in vitro analog of appetitive classical conditioning of feeding in "Aplysia," the unconditioned stimulus (US) was electrical stimulation of the esophageal nerve (En). This nerve is rich in dopamine (DA)-containing processes, which suggests that DA mediates reinforcement during appetitive conditioning. To test this…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Logical Thinking, Operant Conditioning, Classical Conditioning
