Teaching physical education involves more than overseeing what happens on the field, court or in the swimming pool. Physical educators also need to control the locker room, where students hazing other students may be common practice at certain schools. This case is a good example of what happens when teachers and coaches fail to supervise athletes…

The current debate swirling around the inclusion of transgender individuals in sports is a complex and nuanced issue. This article reflects on how athletic organizations have historically dealt with this dilemma, as well as covers key legal battles that have surfaced in recent years in secondary schools and universities across America. With the…

Even though Title IX was enacted 46 years ago, countless universities continue to struggle with compliance, and do not provide equitable opportunities for women. The purpose of this qualitative study was to conduct an anonymous online survey of athletic staffs at each of the 14 Southeastern Conference schools and study ten years of data…

Under Title IX, male and females have an equitable opportunity both at work and at school. Under Title IX, any institution, that receives federal funding, is compelled to provide equal opportunities to participate in sports for female athletes. Since the enactment of Title IX, the percentage of female head coaches for female athletic teams has…

This report examines the state of girls' and women's sport in the United States through a broad lens, looking at the triumphs, the challenges, and the tremendous opportunities that are yet to be realized. The areas of focus include sport participation opportunities for girls and women; the benefits of sport participation for girls and women; the…

In 1972, collegiate and K-12 institutions were introduced to thirty-seven words that changed the face of women's sports and sexual discrimination (Wulf, 2012). As outlined by the Office of Civil Rights (2017), Title IX is a federal law that states that "no person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation…

The profession of high performance sports coaching is a complex process focused on performance improvement with the goal of producing international sporting success. Rising demand for top-level coaches has been matched with the increasing amount of resources allocated to producing world-class performances. This includes creating and sustaining a…

This study sought an understanding of the current trends in the lack of females in leadership positions within collegiate athletic departments amongst California Community Colleges. The passage of Title IX created a new funding stream for women's athletics, resulting in male coaches and administrators entering into the female realm, therefore…

When Kristen Galles was a 7th grader in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, she wanted to enroll in shop class. But there was a problem. At Harding Junior High School, only boys could do that. It is just how things were in 1976, which might sound absurd to 7th graders today. It was a time when girls were discouraged from taking math and science classes, when…

Sports have become an integral part of the developmental experience of many of today's youth. Since the implementation of Title IX, more young girls and women have begun to play sports and see those sports as a possible career path. Tennis, basketball and soccer all have professional sports leagues for women, and many more sports offer women the…

To varying degrees, institutional research (IR) offices are involved in the collection and reporting of academic, financial, and gender equity data related to their student-athletes and athletic programs. However, many institutional researchers are not familiar with athletics data and/or reporting requirements. This article discusses the degree to…

This nationwide online survey, the largest of its kind to-date, was designed to generate facts and analysis of the workplace experiences and views of both female and male coaches of intercollegiate women's sports. This research is unique in that it is the first to assess male coaches of women's teams and make comparisons with female coaches. The…

Despite the apparent benefits of Title IX, the implementation of the law remains controversial, and there are divergent beliefs regarding its impact on collegiate sport. The purpose of this study was to examine how members of a university community, whose intercollegiate sport programs have changed, perceive and make sense of Title IX and the…

This article is intended to provide coaches, parents/guardians and school administrators with specific guidelines that identify coaching practices that are in the best interests of the adolescent female athlete (appropriate) and those that are counterproductive or even harmful (inappropriate). These guidelines can be used as a self-assessment for…

Although Title IX legislation has been in effect since 1972 and has created unprecedented positive change on intercollegiate athletics, educational institutions have still had difficulty meeting the basic requirements set forth by Title IX and ensuring gender equity in their athletic programs. Additionally, specific research has been largely…