Arthroscopic surgery has become popular among athletes because of reduced recovery time and decreased chances of surgical complications. The advantages, drawbacks, and limitations of arthroscopic surgery are discussed. (Author/MT)

From August 1982 through July 1984, all acute boxing injuries among professional boxers in New York State were reviewed in order to classify them as craniocerebral or other injuries. Results and methodology are discussed. (Author/MT)

One way to improve athletic performance without harming the athlete's health is diet manipulation. This article explores the relationship between muscular endurance and muscle glycogen and discusses a diet and training approach to competition. (Author/MT)

This article reviews research on blood doping, the transfusion of red blood cells to improve oxygen delivery and, thereby, endurance. The use and rationale for blood doping are explained. (Author/MT)

Sports medicine specialists are beginning to reexamine the causes and treatments of rotator cuff problems, questioning the role of primary impingement in a deficient or torn cuff and trying new surgical procedures as alternatives to the traditional open acromioplasty. (Author/CB)

Bodily responses to an anterior cruciate ligament injury can range from minor to very significant. Understanding factors influencing the course can help physicians determine effective treatment strategies. Certain patterns, such as complete disruption and participation in high-demand sports, highlight the need for an aggressive approach.…

This article reviews the anatomy of the breast and describes injuries and disorders that occur in both men and women, including runner's nipples, bicyclist's nipples, tumors, and trauma. Management of these problems and various types of sports bras are discussed. (Author/MT)

This analysis of caffeine, endurance, and cholestrol considers the effects of caffeine, exercise metabolism, heart attack risk, and caffeine consumption by athletes. (Author/CB)

A panel, composed of six medical doctors and one professor of ethics and public policy discussed drug testing of athletes, its effectiveness, and its appropriateness. (MT)

Part 1 of this two-part article describes the views of a physician who believes that athletes who want to take steroids are best protected by receiving a prescription and monitoring. Part 2 discusses the more general view of physicians that steroids should not be prescribed but perhaps should be monitored. (MT)

This article reviews explanations offered by psychologists as to why athletes risk injury and even death in pursuit of sports such as sky diving or mountain climbing. (MT)

Athletic performances have improved at an astonishing rate over the past few decades. Eight reasons for improved performances by athletes are discussed. (Author/MT)

Practice times of six postmenarcheal adolescents in national competition were recorded during a 12-week period in order to study the effect of the menstrual cycle phase. The results suggest that athletic performance may be affected by cycle phase. (MT)

An interview with an orthopedic surgeon investigates the connections between heredity, injury, and arthritis. Tips on preventing injury and treating inflammatory disorders are given. (MT)

Plantar fasciitis is an extremely common, painful injury seen among people in running and jumping sports. While prognosis for recovery with conservative care is excellent, prolonged duration of symptoms affects sports participation. Studies on treatment options show mixed results, so finding effective treatments can be challenging. A logical…