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The Effect of Pre-Event Instructions on Eyewitness Identification
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Baldassari, Mario J.; Moore, Kara N.; Hyman, Ira E., Jr.; Hope, Lorraine; Mah, Eric Y.; Lindsay, D. Stephen; Mansour, Jamal; Saraiva, Renan; Horry, Ruth; Rath, Hannah; Kelly, Lauren; Jones, Rosie; Vale, Shannan; Lawson, Bethany; Pedretti, Josh; Palma, Tomás A.; Cruz, Francisco; Quarenta, Joana; Van der Cruyssen, Ine; Mileva, Mila; Allen, Jessica; Jeye, Brittany; Wiechert, Sara – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2023
Research on eyewitness identification often involves exposing participants to a simulated crime and later testing memory using a lineup. We conducted a systematic review showing that pre-event instructions, instructions given before event exposure, are rarely reported and those that are reported vary in the extent to which they warn participants…
Descriptors: Memory, Audiences, Attention, Observation
Distinct Mechanisms of Attentional Suppression: Exploration of Trait Factors Underlying Cued- and Learned-Suppression
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Matthieu Chidharom; Nancy B. Carlisle – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2024
Attention allows us to focus on relevant information while ignoring distractions. Effective suppression of distracting information is crucial for efficient visual search. Recent studies have developed two paradigms to investigate attentional suppression: cued-suppression which is based on top-down control, and learned-suppression which is based on…
Descriptors: Attention, Cues, Visual Aids, Short Term Memory
Fixation Durations on Familiar Items Are Longer Due to Attenuation of Exploration
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Tal Nahari; Eran Eldar; Yoni Pertzov – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2024
Previous studies have shown that fixations on familiar stimuli tend to be longer than on unfamiliar stimuli, theorized to be a result of retrieval of information from memory. We hypothesize that extended fixations are due to a lesser need to explore an already familiar stimulus. Participant's gaze was tracked as they tried to encode or retrieve a…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Eye Movements, Biofeedback, Memory
Eye Movements Reflect Expertise Development in Hybrid Search
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Papesh, Megan H.; Hout, Michael C.; Guevara Pinto, Juan D.; Robbins, Arryn; Lopez, Alexis – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2021
Domain-specific expertise changes the way people perceive, process, and remember information from that domain. This is often observed in visual domains involving skilled searches, such as athletics referees, or professional visual searchers (e.g., security and medical screeners). Although existing research has compared expert to novice performance…
Descriptors: Visual Perception, Eye Movements, Expertise, Cognitive Processes
Incidental Exposure to Hedonic and Healthy Food Features Affects Food Preferences One Day Later
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Dutriaux, Léo; Papies, Esther K.; Fallon, Jennifer; Garcia-Marques, Leonel; Barsalou, Lawrence W. – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2021
Memories acquired incidentally from exposure to food information in the environment may often become active to later affect food preferences. Because conscious use of these memories is not requested or required, these incidental learning effects constitute a form of indirect memory. In an experiment using a novel food preference paradigm (n =…
Descriptors: Food, Eating Habits, Health Behavior, Preferences
How History Trails and Set Size Influence Detection of Hostile Intentions
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Patton, Colleen E.; Wickens, Christopher D.; Clegg, Benjamin A.; Noble, Kayla M.; Smith, C. A. P. – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2022
Previous research suggests people struggle to detect a series of movements that might imply hostile intentions of a vessel, yet this ability is crucial in many real world Naval scenarios. To investigate possible mechanisms for improving performance, participants engaged in a simple, simulated ship movement task. One of two hostile behaviors were…
Descriptors: Social Cognition, Intention, Psychological Patterns, Antisocial Behavior
The Functional Relevance of Visuospatial Processing Speed across the Lifespan
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Aul, Courtney; Brau, Julia M.; Sugarman, Alexander; DeGutis, Joseph M.; Germine, Laura T.; Esterman, Michael; McGlinchey, Regina E.; Fortenbaugh, Francesca C. – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2023
Visuospatial processing speed underlies several cognitive functions critical for successful completion of everyday tasks, including driving and walking. While it is widely accepted that visuospatial processing speed peaks in early adulthood, performance across the lifespan remains incompletely characterized. Additionally, there remains a lack of…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Visual Perception, Spatial Ability, Test Construction