Research has suggested there is an important distinction between perceiving a calling and living a calling. With a sample of 542 working adults, the current study examined (a) the degree to which perceiving a calling and living a calling differed according to yearly income and level of educational attainment and (b) potential mediators that may…

The present study tested whether the relationships among resilience, life satisfaction, and depression could be explained by positive views toward the self, the world, and the future (positive cognitive triad). Structural equation modeling and mediation analyses were conducted based on 1,419 college students in Hong Kong. The model of positive…

Some studies on mental health outcomes research have found that when clients and therapists are ethnically or racially matched, this tends to be related to greater satisfaction and better outcomes. However, the precise underlying mechanism for the match effect has not been extensively examined. In this experimental study, we tested the effect of…

The purpose of this investigation was to examine within-group differences among self-identified sexual orientation and identity groups. To understand these within-group differences, 2 types of analysis were conducted. First, a sample of 2,732 participants completed the Sexual Orientation and Identity Scale. Cluster analyses were used to identify 3…

In a search for an empirical data base appropriate to women's careers, the supposition that men's views play an important although often unrecognized part in the careers women choose was supported. Women may be influenced by what they believe men think is appropriate female behavior. (Author)

This study examines the relationship of race- ethnicity and social class to attitudes toward help seeking, race of therapist, self-disclosure, and self reported treatment outcomes. Findings indicate race alone was not related to attitudes toward psychotherapy, but social class was. (Author)

Evaluations were obtained with the same questionnaire item in 1968, 1969, 1970, and 1972 at Carnegie-Mellon University. Evaluations varied by drug, but were predominantly "beneficial and helpful" (marijuana, hallucinogens, tranquilizers and barbiturates) or had "no particular effect" (amphetamines, beer, liquor, tobacco, and narcotics). (Author)

This study confirms the relationship between level of interviewee anxiety and desk arrangement in the context of an interview. (Author)

This study extended research on prejudice against lesbian and gay (LG) persons by examining theoretically grounded links between intrapersonal and interpersonal manifestations of such prejudice. On the basis of G. A. Kelly's (1955/1991a, 1955/1991b) conceptualization of threat, the authors operationalized intrapersonal homophobia, or LG threat, as…

Volunteer clients (N=44) with below-average dream recall and attitudes toward dreams participated in training sessions focusing on either improving dream recall and attitudes toward dreams, building dream-interpretation skills, or educating about counseling. No significant differences were found within the three groups. Results suggest that…

A series of analyses (correlations, multiple regressions, and confirmatory modeling) was conducted on data (N=275) collected to explore the psychometric properties of the Racial Identity Attitude Scale-Long Form (RIAS-L). Results were mixed, generally revealing limited support for the RIAS-L's validity and highlighting concerns regarding the…

This study investigated the relationship between similarity of interests and likability. Consistent with the general hypothesis, a strong positive relationship was found between interest similarity and rated attraction. (Author)

This study on key influences of occupational preferences among Black youth showed that the greatest similarity in key figure influence was between black and white males, the least similarity between male and female whites. (Author)

In a series of studies, a positive problem orientation was prospectively associated with greater positive effects on problem-solving ability under a variety of conditions. However, the relation of the problem orientation variables to distress appeared to be mediated by trait affectivity. Results are interpreted in light of the social…

Utilizes structural model to examine relationships between three male-role variables, alcohol consumption, and alcohol-related problems in sample of men and women. For men, traditional attitudes led to more alcohol consumption, whereas agentic traits protected them from experiencing alcohol-related problems and from experiencing masculine…