Many studies have shown the double processing of negation, suggesting that negation integration into sentence meaning is delayed. This contrasts with some researches that have found that such integration is rather immediate. The present study contributes to this debate. Affirmative and negative compound sentences (e.g., "because he was…

Researchers often assess causal effects of educational programs or policies using educational assessment data. This dissertation explores novel methods of estimating causal effects in educational assessment data and is broken into three parts. The first part proposes a regression discontinuity design with an ordinal running variable to assess the…

The central importance of evolution to all biological sciences is recognised by many authors. Despite this scientific consensus, the theory of evolution is commonly presented as one discrete topic among many in the biology curriculum. Possible reasons for this scenario include discomfort with the content, ideological opposition and teachers'…

We analyze tweets authored by educators during the COVID-19 pandemic, which Ibram Kendi has called a viral and a racial pandemic, and illustrate how Whiteness feeds the blaming of children and communities of color for trauma. We evaluate tweets that: (1) misused trauma-informed teaching practice in ways characterized by White saviorism; (2) pushed…

The internal validity of observational study is often subject to debate. In this study, we define the counterfactuals as the unobserved sample and intend to quantify its relationship with the null hypothesis statistical testing (NHST). We propose the probability of a robust inference for internal validity, that is, the PIV, as a robustness index…

This quantitative correlational study examined the relationship between the attributional style dimensions of internality, stability, and globality, and academic performance among community college students on academic probation. The sample consisted of 114 community college students on academic probation. Participant attributional styles were…

Why do students vary in their performance on exams? It may be that their test preparation is insufficient because they overestimate their anticipated grade. Our study investigates four issues related to performance on a final examination. First, we analyze whether students' ability to accurately predict their grade and their subjective confidence…

The relationship between students' subject-specific academic self-concept and their academic achievement is one of the most widely researched topics in educational psychology. A large proportion of this research has considered cross-lagged panel models (CLPMs), oftentimes synonymously referred to as reciprocal effects models (REMs), as the gold…

Social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic raised concerns about its psychological impacts. The present study therefore investigated two negative states, loneliness and depression, and their temporal relationship, in two samples of emerging adults attending college. The first (N=323) was assessed prior to a stay-at-home order and 4 weeks after…

This paper presents Big Ideas of Measurement as a framework of students' thinking about measurement. Drawing from research-based evidence, the framework is a collection of key concepts that students must develop for a robust understanding of measurement and, as such, are key aspects of students' thinking teachers should learn to notice. In a case…

Given the numerous conceptual approaches to understanding inclusive education, there is an obvious risk of fragmentation and stagnation in the field. In response, this paper aims to contribute to advancement by going beyond previous work and developing a holistic formulation of inclusive education. Its starting point is that the persistent…

Multicultural teenagers in South Korea often suffer from psychological difficulties, such as social withdrawal and depression, due to communication difficulties, discrimination, and economic constraints. These emotional problems negatively affect career decision-making. However, little is known about the basic mechanism through which multicultural…

Most current statistics courses include some instruction relevant to causal inference. Whether this instruction is incorporated as material on randomized experiments or as an interpretation of associations measured by correlation or regression coefficients, the way in which this material is presented may have important implications for…

In this study, 18 undergraduate college students were interviewed and identified academics, work, and relationships as primary sources of stress and anxiety. The students attributed their reduced stress and anxiety to their participation in informal recreation. Administrators in student affairs are encouraged to integrate informal recreational…

Despite enrollment increases in institutions of higher education, Black/African Americans still hold one of the lowest rates of doctoral degree attainment compared to other racial and ethnic groups. Doctoral education provides an opportunity for pioneering ideas and breakthroughs in a variety of fields as the core purpose of doctoral education is…