Noise-induced hearing loss and tinnitus are two of the most prevalent service-connected disabilities of United States military veterans. Educational materials from active-duty, continental United States (CONUS) Air Force bases were evaluated for compliance with regulations and assessed for understandability, actionability, and readability to establish a baseline. Educational materials were received from 44 of 61 (72%) bases and overall mean compliance (67 educational materials reviewed by 3 evaluators, n = 201) was 84 ± 21%, 83 ± 21%, and 88 ± 21% for United States Air Force (USAF), Department of Defense (DoD), and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) criteria, respectively. Overall mean understandability was 75 ± 12% and actionability was 89 ± 22%. Overall mean readability (n = 67) was grade level 10.68 ± 1.68 on the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) scale. A scoping review was conducted to describe the current literature on field-microphone-in-real-ear (F-MIRE) use in attaining overall personal attenuation ratings (PARs) for hearing protection devices. Training, interventions, and regular retraining generally had a positive influence on F-MIRE PARs. Most PARs did not exceed relevant NRRs, indicating a significant potential for PAR improvements and the need for a standardized comparison method. An F-MIRE system was used in a pilot study to evaluate subjects without prior hearing conservation program training so PARs could be determined both before and after one of two interventions: USAF training material or a modified NIOSH QuickFit (MNQ) protocol. Post-intervention, half (8 of 16, 50%) of USAF and a majority (13 of 17, 77%) of MNQ participants had a PAR84 above the 15 dBA target PAR. Median [delta]PAR84 increases from baseline were 4 dBA for USAF and 5 dBA for MNQ, showing no significant difference between the two interventions. Recommendations for the DoD include: (i) updating the two-page pamphlet to meet all compliance requirements, while increasing understandability, actionability, and readability, and distributing the pamphlet as a template; (ii) updating regulations to incorporate best practices from industry (e.g., roll-pull-insert); and (iii) use F-MIRE technology to attain quick, objective, and individualized PARs for all hearing conservation program employees, rather than only those exposed to greater than 95 dBA. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]