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Mevel, Katell; Fransson, Peter; Bölte, Sven – Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2015
Current evidence suggests the phenotype of autism spectrum disorder to be driven by a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors impacting onto brain maturation, synaptic function, and cortical networks. However, findings are heterogeneous, and the exact neurobiological pathways of autism spectrum disorder still remain poorly…
Descriptors: Autism, Twins, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Diagnostic Tests
Benevides, Teal W.; Lane, Shelly J. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2015
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is responsible for multiple physiological responses, and dysfunction of this system is often hypothesized as contributing to cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses in children. Research suggests that examination of ANS activity may provide insight into behavioral dysregulation in children with autism…
Descriptors: Children, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Physiology
López, Beatriz – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2015
Autism is a "developmental" disorder defined by "social and communication" impairments. Current theoretical approaches and research studies however conceptualise autism as both static and independent from the social context in which it develops. Two lines of research stand out from this general trend. First, research from the…
Descriptors: Autism, Developmental Disabilities, Symptoms (Individual Disorders), Research
Skewes, Joshua C; Jegindø, Else-Marie; Gebauer, Line – Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2015
Autistic people are better at perceiving details. Major theories explain this in terms of bottom-up sensory mechanisms or in terms of top-down cognitive biases. Recently, it has become possible to link these theories within a common framework. This framework assumes that perception is implicit neural inference, combining sensory evidence with…
Descriptors: Autism, Neurological Impairments, Neurology, Perception
Reiss, Allan L. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2009
Background: Significant advances in understanding brain development and behavior have not been accompanied by revisions of traditional academic structure. Disciplinary isolation and a lack of meaningful interdisciplinary opportunities are persistent barriers in academic medicine. To enhance clinical practice, research, and training for the next…
Descriptors: Models, Autism, Interdisciplinary Approach, Psychiatry

Cook, Edwin H., Jr. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1996
This paper reviews what is known about the role of neurochemicals in controlling the development of the brain and in the pathophysiology of autism. Suggested approaches to further research involve using animal models, examining effects of drugs on neurochemicals, and using such technologies as positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance…
Descriptors: Autism, Biochemistry, Chemistry, Etiology

Bachevalier, Jocelyne – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1996
Research on humans and monkeys is reviewed that supports the view that the medial temporal lobe, and, perhaps more specifically the amygdala, is the neural substrate underlying social deficits in autism. The relationship of early medial temporal lobe lesions to memory and socioemotional behavior is reviewed, as are the roles of the amygdala and…
Descriptors: Autism, Emotional Development, Etiology, Interpersonal Competence
Jansiewicz, Eva M.; Goldberg, Melissa C.; Newschaffer, Craig J.; Denckla, Martha B.; Landa, Rebecca; Mostofsky, Stewart H. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2006
While many studies of motor control in autism have focused on specific motor signs, there has been a lack of research examining the complete range of subtle neuromotor signs. This study compared performance on a neurologic examination standardized for children (PANESS, Physical and Neurological Exam for Subtle Signs, Denckla ["1974 Developmental…
Descriptors: Children, Autism, Asperger Syndrome, Psychomotor Skills
Wagner, George C.; Reuhl, Kenneth R.; Cheh, Michelle; McRae, Paulette; Halladay, Alycia K. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2006
Autism symptoms, including impairments in language development, social interactions, and motor skills, have been difficult to model in rodents. Since children exposed in utero to sodium valproate (VPA) demonstrate behavioral and neuroanatomical abnormalities similar to those seen in autism, the neurodevelopmental effects of this antiepileptic…
Descriptors: Language Acquisition, Autism, Animals, Self Destructive Behavior
Nichols, Kate E.; Fox, Nathan; Mundy, Peter – Infancy, 2005
Recent studies have attempted to understand the processes involved in joint attention because of its relevance to both atypical and normal development. Data from a recent study of young children with autism suggests that performance on a delay nonmatch to sample (DNMS) task associated with ventromedial prefrontal functions, but not an…
Descriptors: Autism, Toddlers, Task Analysis, Brain Hemisphere Functions