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Bruhn, Allison L.; Balint-Langel, Kinga; Troughton, Leonard; Langan, Sean; Lodge, Kelsey; Kortemeyer, Sara – Behavioral Disorders, 2015
For years, the assumption has been that stereotypical behaviors functioned only to provide sensory or automatic reinforcement. However, these behaviors also may serve social functions. Given the unsettled debate, functional behavior assessment and functional analysis can be used to identify the exact function of stereotypical behavior and design…
Descriptors: Behavior Problems, Antisocial Behavior, Intervention, Behavior Modification
Lomas, Joanna E.; Fisher, Wayne W.; Kelley, Michael E. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2010
Prior research indicates that reinforcement of an appropriate response (e.g., compliance) can produce concomitant reductions in problem behavior reinforced by escape when problem behavior continues to produce negative reinforcement (e.g., Lalli et al., 1999). These effects may be due to a preference for positive over negative reinforcement or to…
Descriptors: Behavior Problems, Positive Reinforcement, Negative Reinforcement, Behavior Modification
Pence, Sacha T.; Roscoe, Eileen M.; Bourret, Jason C.; Ahearn, William H. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2009
This study compared the outcomes of three descriptive analysis methods--the ABC method, the conditional probability method, and the conditional and background probability method--to each other and to the results obtained from functional analyses. Six individuals who had been diagnosed with developmental delays and exhibited problem behavior…
Descriptors: Behavior Problems, Positive Reinforcement, Negative Reinforcement, Developmental Delays
Addison, Laura; Lerman, Dorothea C. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2009
The procedures described by Sloman et al. (2005) were extended to an analysis of teachers' responses to problem behavior after they had been taught to withhold potential sources of positive and negative reinforcement following instances of problem behavior. Results were consistent with those reported previously, suggesting that escape from child…
Descriptors: Behavior Problems, Negative Reinforcement, Teacher Behavior, Teacher Student Relationship
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Ghezzi, Patrick M. – Psychology in the Schools, 2007
The advantages of emphasizing discrete trials "teaching" over discrete trials "training" are presented first, followed by a discussion of discrete trials as a method of teaching that emerged historically--and as a matter of necessity for difficult learners such as those with autism--from discrete trials as a method for laboratory research. The…
Descriptors: Autism, Guidelines, Educational Practices, Educational Indicators
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Neidert, Pamela L.; Iwata, Brian A.; Dozier, Claudia L. – Exceptionality, 2005
We describe the assessment and treatment of 2 children with autism spectrum disorder whose problem behaviors (self-injury, aggression, and disruption) were multiply controlled. Results of functional analyses indicated that the children's problem behaviors were maintained by both positive reinforcement (attention) and negative reinforcement (escape…
Descriptors: Positive Reinforcement, Negative Reinforcement, Autism, Behavior Problems
Foxx, R. M. – Analysis and Intervention in Developmental Disabilities, 1984
Negative reinforcement plus edibles and praise produced about 90 percent correct responding for four severely retarded/autistic children (six to eight years old), while edibles and praise alone were much less effective. Use of negative reinforcement with noncompliant or difficult- to-motivate behaviorally disordered children appeared to be an…
Descriptors: Autism, Behavior Change, Behavior Problems, Elementary Education
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Kennedy, Craig H.; Meyer, Kim A.; Knowles, Tanya; Shukla, Smita – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2000
Two studies involving five students (ages 9-17) with autism found that stereotypy was multiply determined or occurred across all assessment conditions (attention, demand, no-attention, and recreation conditions) and that the presumed association between response topography and behavioral function may be less important than previously realized.…
Descriptors: Autism, Behavior Change, Behavior Modification, Behavior Problems
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Zarcone, Jennifer R.; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1996
Analysis of the effects of a short break contingent on completed work with a 10-year-old boy with autism and profound mental retardation found the 20-second break increased responding more than a positive reinforcer did, and the reinforcing effects of a 20-second break were affected by the availability of positive reinforcers during the break. (DB)
Descriptors: Autism, Case Studies, Contingency Management, Multiple Disabilities
Alvir, Claire – 1979
After a brief review of the literature the research proposal focuses on the comparative effectiveness of non-verbal positive reinforcement vs. verbal negative reinforcement in the reduction of self-inflicted injury on 23 elementary age autistic children. In the two phase study each child would be paired by age, sex, length of time in school,…
Descriptors: Autism, Behavior Change, Elementary Education, Emotional Disturbances
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Fisher, Wayne W.; Adelinis, John D.; Volkert, Valerie M.; Keeney, Kris M.; Neidert, Pamela L.; Hovanetz, Alyson – Research in Developmental Disabilities: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2005
Results of prior studies (e.g. [J. Appl. Behav. Anal. 32 (1999) 285]) showing that participants chose alternative behavior (compliance) over escape-reinforced destructive behavior when this latter response produced escape and the former response produced positive reinforcement may have been due to (a) the value of the positive reinforcer…
Descriptors: Positive Reinforcement, Self Destructive Behavior, Autism, Outcomes of Treatment
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Dunlap, Glen; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1987
Prompting, positive and negative reinforcement, and a gradually extended reinforcement schedule were used with three autistic clients (two six-year-olds and one adolescent) to teach them to maintain on-task behaviors without constant supervision. Results indicated that appropriate behavior could be successfully maintained with only infrequent and…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Autism, Behavior Modification, Contingency Management
Hamblin, Robert L.; And Others – 1967
A description of the Social Exchange Laboratory's work with autistic children is presented. The laboratory's philosophy of the exchange theory of autism, seen as a set of habitual response patterns maintained and intensified by exchanges which are inadvertantly structured by others in the child's environment, is set forth with characteristics,…
Descriptors: Autism, Behavior Change, Behavior Problems, Behavior Theories