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Direct linkJenee Vickers Johnson; Jason C. Travers; Kathleen N. Tuck; Pamela L. Neidert; Heather J. Forbes – Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 2025
Urine-detecting alarms are prevalent in toilet training intervention research and clinical practice for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities, but the effects of urine alarms remain unclear. Urine alarms may function as punishing or reinforcing contingencies, or may merely alert trainers to accidents and improve treatment…
Descriptors: Toilet Training, Reinforcement, Punishment, Intellectual Disability
