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Peer reviewedGuthrie, John T. – Reading Teacher, 1981
Traces the history of minimum competency testing in the United States from 1890 to the present. (FL)
Descriptors: Basic Skills, Educational Change, Educational History, Educational Trends
Peer reviewedTuman, Myron C. – Journal of General Education, 1979
Presents arguments by Robert Lowe and Matthew Arnold on the 19th century British "Payment by Results" Plan, whereby schools received funds for students who passed minimal competency tests. Emphasizes that the Victorian experience produced acrimonious teachers with low morale and encourages contemporary minimal testing advocates not to…
Descriptors: Academic Standards, Basic Skills, Competency Based Education, Educational History
Tesolowski, Dennis G. – Viewpoints in Teaching and Learning, 1980
New minimum high school graduation standards were mandated for 1978-79 graduates, by Florida's Educational Accountability Act of 1976. Requirements included mastery of basic skills, completion of minimum course credits, and satisfactory performance on functional literacy tests. The literacy test was the primary criterion for graduation. On its…
Descriptors: Academic Standards, Basic Skills, Court Litigation, Educational History
