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Tuman, Myron C. – Journal of General Education, 1979
Presents arguments by Robert Lowe and Matthew Arnold on the 19th century British "Payment by Results" Plan, whereby schools received funds for students who passed minimal competency tests. Emphasizes that the Victorian experience produced acrimonious teachers with low morale and encourages contemporary minimal testing advocates not to…
Descriptors: Academic Standards, Basic Skills, Competency Based Education, Educational History

Reys, Robert E.; Kasten, Margaret B. – Mathematics Teacher, 1978
False premises upon which many legislated programs for minimal competency testing are based are identified and discussed. (JT)
Descriptors: Achievement, Basic Skills, Curriculum, Educational Philosophy

Franzosa, Susan Douglas – Contemporary Education, 1984
This paper describes the philosophic assumptions underlying the movement towards minimum competency testing. Definitions of such concepts as scientific educational management, what is worth knowing, and the knower are explored. (DF)
Descriptors: Basic Skills, Competency Based Education, Educational Assessment, Educational Philosophy