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Mingya Huang; David Kaplan – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 2025
The issue of model uncertainty has been gaining interest in education and the social sciences community over the years, and the dominant methods for handling model uncertainty are based on Bayesian inference, particularly, Bayesian model averaging. However, Bayesian model averaging assumes that the true data-generating model is within the…
Descriptors: Bayesian Statistics, Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Statistical Inference, Predictor Variables
Andrew Gelman; Matthijs Vákár – Grantee Submission, 2021
It is not always clear how to adjust for control data in causal inference, balancing the goals of reducing bias and variance. We show how, in a setting with repeated experiments, Bayesian hierarchical modeling yields an adaptive procedure that uses the data to determine how much adjustment to perform. The result is a novel analysis with increased…
Descriptors: Bayesian Statistics, Statistical Analysis, Efficiency, Statistical Inference
Martinková, Patrícia; Bartoš, František; Brabec, Marek – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 2023
Inter-rater reliability (IRR), which is a prerequisite of high-quality ratings and assessments, may be affected by contextual variables, such as the rater's or ratee's gender, major, or experience. Identification of such heterogeneity sources in IRR is important for the implementation of policies with the potential to decrease measurement error…
Descriptors: Interrater Reliability, Bayesian Statistics, Statistical Inference, Hierarchical Linear Modeling
Liu, Yixing; Levy, Roy; Yel, Nedim; Schulte, Ann C. – School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 2023
Although there is recognition that there may be differential outcomes for groups of students within schools, examination of outcomes for subgroups presents challenges to researchers and policymakers. It complicates analytic procedures, particularly when the number of students per school in the subgroup is small. We explored five alternatives for…
Descriptors: Growth Models, Hierarchical Linear Modeling, School Effectiveness, Academic Achievement
Craig K. Enders – Grantee Submission, 2023
The year 2022 is the 20th anniversary of Joseph Schafer and John Graham's paper titled "Missing data: Our view of the state of the art," currently the most highly cited paper in the history of "Psychological Methods." Much has changed since 2002, as missing data methodologies have continually evolved and improved; the range of…
Descriptors: Data, Research, Theories, Regression (Statistics)
Shen, Ting; Konstantopoulos, Spyros – Journal of Experimental Education, 2022
Large-scale education data are collected via complex sampling designs that incorporate clustering and unequal probability of selection. Multilevel models are often utilized to account for clustering effects. The probability weighted approach (PWA) has been frequently used to deal with the unequal probability of selection. In this study, we examine…
Descriptors: Data Collection, Educational Research, Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Bayesian Statistics
Lyu, Weicong; Kim, Jee-Seon; Suk, Youmi – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 2023
This article presents a latent class model for multilevel data to identify latent subgroups and estimate heterogeneous treatment effects. Unlike sequential approaches that partition data first and then estimate average treatment effects (ATEs) within classes, we employ a Bayesian procedure to jointly estimate mixing probability, selection, and…
Descriptors: Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Bayesian Statistics, Causal Models, Statistical Inference
Luo, Wen; Li, Haoran; Baek, Eunkyeng; Chen, Siqi; Lam, Kwok Hap; Semma, Brandie – Review of Educational Research, 2021
Multilevel modeling (MLM) is a statistical technique for analyzing clustered data. Despite its long history, the technique and accompanying computer programs are rapidly evolving. Given the complexity of multilevel models, it is crucial for researchers to provide complete and transparent descriptions of the data, statistical analyses, and results.…
Descriptors: Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Multivariate Analysis, Prediction, Research Problems
Chung, Yeojin; Gelman, Andrew; Rabe-Hesketh, Sophia; Liu, Jingchen; Dorie, Vincent – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 2015
When fitting hierarchical regression models, maximum likelihood (ML) estimation has computational (and, for some users, philosophical) advantages compared to full Bayesian inference, but when the number of groups is small, estimates of the covariance matrix (S) of group-level varying coefficients are often degenerate. One can do better, even from…
Descriptors: Regression (Statistics), Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Bayesian Statistics, Statistical Inference
Chung, Yeojin; Gelman, Andrew; Rabe-Hesketh, Sophia; Liu, Jingchen; Dorie, Vincent – Grantee Submission, 2015
When fitting hierarchical regression models, maximum likelihood (ML) estimation has computational (and, for some users, philosophical) advantages compared to full Bayesian inference, but when the number of groups is small, estimates of the covariance matrix [sigma] of group-level varying coefficients are often degenerate. One can do better, even…
Descriptors: Regression (Statistics), Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Bayesian Statistics, Statistical Inference
Wang, Qiu; Diemer, Matthew A.; Maier, Kimberly S. – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2013
This study integrated Bayesian hierarchical modeling and receiver operating characteristic analysis (BROCA) to evaluate how interest strength (IS) and interest differentiation (ID) predicted low–socioeconomic status (SES) youth's interest-major congruence (IMC). Using large-scale Kuder Career Search online-assessment data, this study fit three…
Descriptors: Bayesian Statistics, Socioeconomic Status, Student Interests, Gender Differences