In 1881, Donald MacAlister posed a problem in the "Educational Times" that remains relevant today. The problem centers on the statistical evidence for the effectiveness of a treatment based on a comparison between two proportions. A brief historical sketch is followed by a discussion of two default Bayesian solutions, one based on a…

This publication provides a summary of data relating to students, programs, subjects and training providers in Australia's government-funded vocational education and training (VET) system (defined as Commonwealth and state/territory government-funded training). Data for the Government-funded students and courses series are received by the National…

In this article, a Bayesian model selection approach is introduced that can select the best of a set of inequality and equality constrained hypotheses for contingency tables. The hypotheses are presented in terms of cell probabilities allowing researchers to test (in)equality constrained hypotheses in a format that is directly related to the data.…

KIPP (Knowledge is Power Program) is a national network of public charter schools whose stated mission is to help underserved students enroll in and graduate from college. Prior studies (see Tuttle et al. 2013) have consistently found that attending a KIPP middle school positively affects student achievement, but few have addressed longer-term…

KIPP (Knowledge is Power Program) is a national network of public charter schools whose stated mission is to help underserved students enroll in and graduate from college. Prior studies (see Tuttle et al. 2013) have consistently found that attending a KIPP middle school positively affects student achievement, but few have addressed longer-term…

This report presents second year information about the degree to which children and young people in Middlesbrough enjoy reading and writing, how often then engage in reading and writing, what types of materials they read and write and how they feel about reading and writing. It also outlines information about their confidence in their own…

The purpose of this paper is to provide information about how students' scores change when they retake the PSAT/NMSQT as juniors or take the SAT in the spring after they take the PSAT/NMSQT as juniors. Two research questions guided this study and motivated the approach for analysis of the data: How do scores change for students who took the…

This paper presents an alternative version of formulas of conditional probabilities and Bayes' rule that demonstrate how the truth table of elementary mathematical logic applies to the derivations of the conditional probabilities of various complex, compound statements. This new approach is used to calculate the prior and posterior probabilities…

The procedures required to obtain the approximate posterior standard deviations of the parameters in the three commonly used item response models for dichotomous items are described and used to generate values for some common situations. The results were compared with those obtained from maximum likelihood estimation. It is shown that the use of…

The purpose of this paper is to show how a Bayesian analysis can be conducted quite simply in the completely random design (including factorial arrangements) by dealing with planned orthogonal comparisons of the treatment means. (Author)

The purpose of this study was to compare the relative classificatory ability of the Linear Discriminant Function (LDF) and the Bayesian Taxonomic Procedure (BTP) when these techniques are applied to multivariate normal and nonnormal data with differing degrees of overlap in the distributions of the predictor variables. (Editor)

In this study, the graduate school admission policy at a medium-sized, state-supported university is analyzed using a combination of Bayesian and cost/benefit decision analysis techniques. (Author)

The data of B. D. Layton and B. Turnbull's (1974) two extra sensory perception (ESP) experiments are used to illustrate Bayesian hypothesis tests that provide more useful information than is obtained from significance tests. (Editor)

This paper deals with the situation where scores on a number of parallel tests are obtained for each of a set of persons, and these persons are assumed to constitute, in so far as their scores for the tests are concerned, a random sample from some population of interest. (Author)

Forty subjects were trained to make numerical predictions of a criterion from a cue. (Editor)