Writing is necessary for workplaces, and schools should equip students with basic proficiencies. The problem was primary students were not acquiring foundational writing skills. Foundational skills such as handwriting, spelling, punctuation, sentence construction, and typing should be effortless as students leave primary grades as the focus turns…

Preschool children often confuse letters with their mirror images when they try to read and write. Mirror confusion seems to occur more often in line with the direction of script (e.g., left-to-right for the Latin alphabetic script), suggesting that the processing of letter orientation and text directionality may be interrelated in preliterate…

This article describes the development and administration of the "Kindergarten-Second Grade (K-2) Writing Data-Based Decision Making (DBDM) Survey." The "K-2 Writing DBDM Survey" was developed to learn more about current DBDM practices specific to early writing. A total of 376 educational professionals (175 general education…

This study describes the early writing environments of 16 preschool classrooms in China and 155 Chinese preschoolers' early writing skills as assessed through name writing, word dictation, and early composing tasks. The classroom early writing environment consists of children's accessibility to writing materials, and teachers' writing instruction.…

To date, there is no clear evidence to support choosing handwriting over keyboarding or vice versa as the modality children should use when they first learn to write. 102 Norwegian first-grade children from classrooms that used both electronic touchscreen keyboard on a digital tablet and pencil-and-paper for writing instruction wrote narratives in…

Emergent bilingual children express their ideas in written language through meaningful marks on a page by leveraging their oral language and print focused skills from home and school languages. Because writing is a complex task, particularly for children learning more than one language, teachers must make decisions about how they guide children…

Writing is a vital part of the teaching and learning process. The view of learning to write as a developmental and evolving process is well-established in professional literature, and close observation of an emergent writer as they compose text can contribute to an understanding of their writing acquisition. A multiple case study, which focused on…

Writing gives children a way to share their voices and ideas with the world. Even in early childhood, the purpose of writing is to communicate. All young children have messages to share, and writing is one tool they can use to communicate those messages. For young children, it is quite challenging to form and remember messages while also figuring…

For the proper development of writing, teachers must choose the best line for their students. To this day, it is still not very clear which is the correct or the most suitable letter for the beginning of this learning process. However, there are certain parameters that allow us to observe the "pros" and "cons" that have been…

This intervention study examined the writing abilities of 1st (ages 6-7) and 2nd (ages 7-8) grade students in the Basque Autonomous Community, utilising Basque, Spanish, and English. We compared two distinct teaching methodologies: the PYCTO methodology, which employs a multilingual approach for teaching writing across the three languages, and the…

During the COVID pandemic, two virtual classes of Grade 1 students learned to write personal narratives in a Response to Intervention framework. Classroom teachers delivered Tier 1 Self-Regulated Strategy Development (SRSD) in personal narrative writing to 67% of students. A research associate provided Tier 2 SRSD instruction in personal narrative…

Early writing is a critical factor in children's literacy development and academic success. This study observed and analyzed videos from twenty-eight teachers working in prekindergarten, kindergarten, and first-grade classrooms in under-resourced schools. The coding process focused on categorizing the type (language- and code-based) and demand…

Online professional learning approaches are positioned as a key way to support the knowledge and practice of the early childhood workforce. Within the research literature, however, limited attention has been given to early childhood teachers' perceptions of, and experiences with, online learning programs, particularly those using asynchronous…

Writing at school start is critical for students' literacy development but student composition is often undervalued in early education classrooms and understudied by literacy researchers. To address such needs, this mixed methods, sequential survey study investigated how writing practices are enacted in the fall semester of Norwegian 1st grade…

The purpose of this instrumental case study was to examine how an exemplary writing teacher makes intentional decisions in her writing practices including engaging students in the writing conference as part of writing workshop to support her young writers in their developing craft. For several decades, scholars have researched, studied, analyzed,…