The measurement of processes of learning and the evaluation of the outcomes of the teaching-learning process have always posed major problems in research design. One purpose of this paper is to provide investigators with a review of the methodological problems involved in planning and conducting such studies. (Author)

Based upon the assumption that a human system passes through several phases as it adapts to a crisis situation, the article describes a four stage model, each phase presented as it applies to the individual in crisis and then extended to incorporate organizational parameters. Comments follow by Leonard Soloman and Norman Paris. (Author/BY)