Forty fourth, fifth, and sixth graders were subjects of a study to investigate changes in locus of control orientations resulting from training in self-regulating procedures. Both external and self-regulating procedures were effective in increasing internal expectancies. Self- regulating procedures decreased disruptive behaviors and, to an extent,…

This replication of earlier research tests a mathematical model for examining the conditions under which individuals innovate. By raising costs from zero -- as validated in earlier research -- to .25, this replication defines an innovation boundary at which individuals behave as predicted by their position with respect to that boundary. (Author/JH)

Results indicate that continued posttreatment therapist contact led to significantly better maintenance of smoking reduction at six-month follow-up. After one year, however, superior maintenance was not demonstrated. (Author)

This paper deals with problems of measuring change in motor behavior. Conventional measurement procedures and statistical analyses involving change are presented in the first section. This section discusses difference scores as the criterion measure and the use of all scores as the dependent variables. This latter category involves using either…

The objectives of the study were to determine (1) whether contingent music listening would significantly increase correct responses to mathematical problems compared to other activities and reinforcers, and (2) whether there are significant differences between the reinforcing effects of two types of music listening activities. (Author)

A method is proposed for manipulation of scale recalibration to evaluate techniques designed to detect change due to scale recalibration, including the Ideal Scale Approach of R. Zmud and A. Armenakis (1978). An illustration of an adaptation of the Ideal Scale Approach with 194 undergraduate students is included. (SLD)

Reviews conceptualization of change as series of accumulating increments and decrements and depiction of change by growth curves as continuous process underlying individual performance. Clarifies problems with use of difference scores in study of change. Contrasts traditional methods with growth curve analysis for purposes of measuring change and…

Twenty-two subjects were asked to generate fifty numbers from 0 to 100 at ten second intervals. These subjects were then taught to imagine a pleasant scene or an aversive scene on cue from the experimenter. After practice imagining these scenes, subjects were again requested to give fifty numbers between 0 and 100. Group I was cued to imagine the…

This article describes the need for research on the health status of college students. It reviews selected research that focuses on health instruction and university students and provides suggestions for the design of future research. (Author/JAZ)

This doctoral dissertation examines the question of whether student classroom behavior influences teachers' classroom behavior, and if so, whether the direction of change is predictable, as has been suggested by previous research. The four hypotheses tested were: 1) There will be a significant change in teacher behavior when there is change in…

The generalizability theory approach to the estimation of reliability is outlined, and a design is developed in which systematic variations in behavior over differing situations are separated from random fluctuation. Three coefficients of reliability are proposed. (CK)

Fifty employee managers and 50 owner managers were interviewed to determine differences in their behavior after a university level executive development program (EDP) conducted for businessmen in Lima, Peru. Findings indicated that: (1) owner managers had received a greater overall impact from an EDP than employee managers: (2) the perceived value…

This report describes the design and development of training to increase cultural awareness. Significant aspects of intercultural interaction were simulated in a series of role playing exercises. Typical American values and assumptions were demonstrably elicited from a trainee as he interacted with a "foreign" auxiliary. The auxiliary was trained…

Research was undertaken to determine conditions under which unemployed job trainees can be enabled and motivated to obtain maximum benefits from a job retraining program. This study focused on social reinforcement; that is, the most effective ways of communicating "success" or positive evaluative experiences to a Negro working class population of…