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Direct linkFernando, Anushka B. P.; Urcelay, Gonzalo P.; Mar, Adam C.; Dickinson, Anthony; Robbins, Trevor W. – Learning & Memory, 2014
Safety signals provide "relief" through predicting the absence of an aversive event. At issue is whether these signals also act as instrumental reinforcers. Four experiments were conducted using a free-operant lever-press avoidance paradigm in which each press avoided shock and was followed by the presentation of a 5-sec auditory safety…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Operant Conditioning, Safety, Anxiety
Aoyama, Kenjiro – Learning and Motivation, 2007
This study tested the effects of post-session wheel running on within-session changes in operant responding. Lever-pressing by six rats was reinforced by a food pellet under a continuous reinforcement (CRF) schedule in 30-min sessions. Two different flavored food pellets were used as reinforcers. In the wheel conditions, 30-min operant-sessions…
Descriptors: Animals, Animal Behavior, Operant Conditioning, Reinforcement
Benjamin, Ludy T., Jr., Ed. – APA Books, 2008
The most popular activities from APA's successful "Activities Handbooks for the Teaching of Psychology" are gathered together and updated in this book of teachers' favorites. The lesson plans, which encourage active learning and involve the whole class, have stood the test of time and proven themselves to be entertaining, effective, and easy to…
Descriptors: Psychology, Teaching Methods, Learning Activities, Lesson Plans
