The domain of environmental protection is comprised from many sub-domains as recycling, conserving water, or reducing the consumption of energy. The attitude-behavior gap is partly explained by the gap between the specificity levels of the particular measured behavior and of its antecedent(s). The present study aimed at assessing the effects of…

Applied behavior analysts have been helping people to enhance the quality of their lives for decades. Its characteristics as described by Baer, Wolf, and Risley continue to guide efforts to help clients and their significant others. Yet, this knowledge often languishes unused and unappreciated. Distortions and misrepresentations of applied…

Behaviorism would have us believe that the individual is powerless in his environment. (DAG)

Counseling is discussed as a model for future problem solving if the client is fully aware of what the process is and if he is given opportunities to participate by making suggestions and decisions along the way. The ultimate goal is for the client to become his own systems analyst and be fully in charge of his own destiny. (Author)

Although both genetic and situational factors are implicated in criminality, the thesis here is that the latter may well be more important and more frequently encountered than many criminologists have acknowledged to date. (JB)

Control of environments in which problem behaviors in mother-child interactions take place appears necessary if reliable measurement of those behaviors is to result. Investigation of situational variables should advance the behavior modification technology in general. One methodological approach towards such control is presented. It focuses on…

Proposes an operant framework for the analysis of environment-intelligence interactions in old age and calls for an implementation of research aimed at examining the range of modifiability of intellectual proficiency in the elderly. Intellectual decrement is interpreted to reflect the lack of supportive environmental contingencies. (Author/SDH)

Token management procedures, initiated in a community residential home for six reatarded subjects, were designed to affect social behaviors and personal care habits. Two delivery formats were used, one in which prior announcement of reinforcement contingencies was explained, a second in which target behaviors were consequated as they occurred. The…

Inescapable shock given to weanling rats produced large deficits in adult escape behavior. Experience with escapable shock while a weanling immunizes the animal against the deficits produced by inescapable shock received as an adult. Implications of these findings for animal models of human depression are discussed. (Author/MS)

Research project underway at the University of Sheffield, England, to examine how variations in the physical and social environment affect behavior in groups of preschool children. In its first year, currently in progress, the effects on behavior of relative abundance or scarcity of important resources of the physical environment (available space…

The author urges wider use of positive reinforcement theories in helping emotionally disturbed and mentally handicapped children. Underlining the influence of environment on behavior, he also notes that behavior modification programs utilize fewer trained personnel more effectively and, like Tennessee's Re-Education Treatment, allow for therapy in…

Reviewing of long term and short term intervention research undertaken by Skeels and Dye (1939), Dawe (1942), Brazziel and Terrell (1962), Carter (1966), Sigel, Roeper, and Hooper (1966), Weikart (1967), Klaus and Gray (1967), Karnes and others (1966), Bereiter and Engelmann (1966), Blatt and Garfunkel (1965), Nimnicht (1966), and Smilansky (1964…

Data revealed a similar pattern of personality, environment, and behavior differences between all nonuser and user groups, suggesting a pervasive social-psychological constancy. The same variables were also predictive of the shift from nonuse to use over time among the high school students but not the college students. (JB)

This paper discusses some of the author's experiences in two sexually homogeneous environments, a male juvenile correctional facility and a four-year womens college, from an Adlerian perspective. Although unrelated, the two populations have important similarities and differences, such as that incarcerated male juveniles and college females often…