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Cicero, Frank R.; Pfadt, Al – Research in Developmental Disabilities, 2002
This study evaluated the effectiveness of a reinforcement-based toilet training intervention with three children with autism. Procedures included positive reinforcement, graduated guidance, scheduled practice trials, and forward prompting. All three children reduced urination accidents to zero and learned to request bathroom use spontaneously…
Descriptors: Autism, Behavior Modification, Hygiene, Instructional Effectiveness

Pfadt, Al – Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1991
This article describes how a social systems approach to psychopathology can be applied to treatment goals in group psychotherapy with mentally retarded individuals. Treatment models blending behavioral and psychodynamic interventions are covered. Suggestions for maintaining cost-effective linkages between mental health and mental retardation…
Descriptors: Adults, Agency Cooperation, Behavior Modification, Cost Effectiveness