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Are Opioid Antagonists Effective in Attenuating the Core Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Conditions in Children: A Systematic Review
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Roy, A.; Roy, M.; Deb, S.; Unwin, G.; Roy, A. – Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 2015
Background: ASC (autism spectrum conditions) may result from a failure of striatal beta endorphins to diminish with maturation. Many symptoms of ASC resemble behaviours induced in animals or humans by opiate administration, including decreased socialisation, diminished crying, repetitive stereotypies, insensitivity to pain and motor hyperactivity.…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Drug Therapy, Behavior Problems
Melatonin Decreases Daytime Challenging Behaviour in Persons with Intellectual Disability and Chronic Insomnia
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Braam, W.; Didden, R.; Maas, A. P. H. M.; Korzilius, H.; Smits, M. G.; Curfs, L. M. G. – Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 2010
Background: Persons with intellectual disability (ID) and sleep problems exhibit more daytime challenging behaviours than persons with ID without sleep problems. Several anecdotal reports suggest that melatonin is not only effective in the treatment of insomnia, but also decreases daytime challenging behaviour. However, the effect of melatonin…
Descriptors: Mental Retardation, Sleep, Drug Therapy, Comparative Analysis
Olanzapine vs. Risperidone in Treating Aggressive Behaviours in Adults with Intellectual Disability: A Single Blind Study
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Amore, M.; Bertelli, M.; Villani, D.; Tamborini, S.; Rossi, M. – Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 2011
Background: Aggressive behaviour represents a frequent symptom in people with intellectual disability (PWID). Despite uncertain evidence of effectiveness, the use of antipsychotics (APs) drugs to treat aggressive behaviour is very common. Antipsychotic medication of aggressivity in PWID has recently become one of the most debated issues in mental…
Descriptors: Mental Retardation, Measures (Individuals), Program Effectiveness, Statistical Analysis
The Treatment of Challenging Behaviour in Intellectual Disabilities: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
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Romeo, R.; Knapp, M.; Tyrer, P.; Crawford, M.; Oliver-Africano, P. – Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 2009
Background: Antipsychotic drugs are used in the routine treatment of adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) and challenging behaviour in the UK despite limited evidence of their effectiveness. There is no evidence on their cost-effectiveness. Methods: The relative cost-effectiveness of risperidone, haloperidol and placebo in treating…
Descriptors: Mental Retardation, Quality of Life, Outcomes of Treatment, Cost Effectiveness
Longitudinal Prescribing Patterns for Psychoactive Medications in Community-Based Individuals with Developmental Disabilities: Utilization of Pharmacy Records
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Lott, I. T.; McGregor, M.; Engelman, L.; Touchette, P.; Tournay, A.; Sandman, C.; Fernandez, G.; Plon, L.; Walsh, D. – Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 2004
Little is known about longitudinal prescribing practices for psychoactive medications for individuals with intellectual disabilities and developmental disabilities (IDDD) who are living in community settings. Computerized pharmacy records were accessed for 2344 community-based individuals with IDDD for whom a total of 3421 prescriptions were…
Descriptors: Drug Therapy, Developmental Disabilities, Behavior Modification, Mental Retardation
Treatment and Management of Challenging Behaviours in Congregate and Noncongregate Community-Based Supported Accommodation
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Robertson, J.; Emerson, E.; Pinkney, L.; Caesar, E.; Felce, D.; Meek, A.; Carr, D.; Lowe, K.; Knapp, M.; Hallam, A. – Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 2005
To compare the nature and prevalence of use of procedures employed to treat and manage challenging behaviours across two approaches to providing community-based supported accommodation for people with intellectual disabilities (ID) and severe challenging behaviour: noncongregate settings where the minority of residents have challenging behaviour,…
Descriptors: Incidence, Mental Retardation, Behavior Problems, Therapy