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Podlesnik, Christopher A.; Bai, John Y. H.; Elliffe, Douglas – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2012
Reinforcing an alternative response in the same context as a target response reduces the rate of occurrence but increases the persistence of that target response. Applied researchers who use such techniques to decrease the rate of a target problem behavior risk inadvertently increasing the persistence of the same problem behavior. Behavioral…
Descriptors: Persistence, Behavior Problems, Reinforcement, Classical Conditioning
Bihm, Elson M.; Gillaspy, J. Arthur, Jr.; Lammers, William J.; Huffman, Stephanie P. – Psychological Record, 2010
Psychology texts often cite the work of Marian and Keller Breland and their business, Animal Behavior Enterprises (ABE), to demonstrate operant conditioning and the "misbehavior of organisms" from an evolutionary perspective. Now available on the Internet at the official IQ Zoo website (http://www3.uca.edu/iqzoo/), the artifacts of ABE's work, in…
Descriptors: Operant Conditioning, Behavior Modification, Intelligence Quotient, Animal Behavior
Bihm, Elson M.; Gillaspy, J. Arthur, Jr.; Abbott, Hannah J.; Lammers, William J. – Psychological Record, 2010
In 1992, Dr. Marian Breland Bailey, assisted by her husband Robert E. Bailey, gave the following presentation at the Psi Chi Banquet of the University of Central Arkansas. She and her first husband, Keller Breland, were students of B. F. Skinner and established Animal Behavior Enterprises (ABE) in 1947 and the IQ Zoo in 1955. Unknown to many…
Descriptors: Animal Behavior, Behavior Modification, Psychology, History
Mace, F. Charles; McComas, Jennifer J.; Mauro, Benjamin C.; Progar, Patrick R.; Taylor, Bridget; Ervin, Ruth; Zangrillo, Amanda N. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2010
Basic research with pigeons on behavioral momentum suggests that differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) can increase the resistance of target behavior to change. This finding suggests that clinical applications of DRA may inadvertently increase the persistence of target behavior even as it decreases its frequency. We conducted…
Descriptors: Animals, Behavior Problems, Persistence, Reinforcement
Pineno, Oskar; Zilski, Jessica M.; Schachtman, Todd R. – Learning and Motivation, 2007
Two conditioned taste aversion experiments with rats were conducted to establish if a target taste that had received a prior pairing with illness could be subject to second-order conditioning during extinction treatment in compound with a flavor that also received prior conditioning. In these experiments, the occurrence of second-order…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Associative Learning, Animals, Animal Behavior
Shahan, Timothy A.; Podlesnik, Christopher A. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2005
The effects of rate of conditioned reinforcement on the resistance to change of operant behavior have not been examined. In addition, the effects of rate of conditioned reinforcement on the rate of observing have not been adequately examined. In two experiments, a multiple schedule of observing-response procedures was used to examine the effects…
Descriptors: Intervals, Conditioning, Reinforcement, Operant Conditioning
Amundson, Jeffrey C.; Miller, Ralph R. – Learning and Motivation, 2007
Two lick suppression studies were conducted with water-deprived rats to investigate the influence of spatial similarity in cue interaction. Experiment 1 assessed the influence of similarity of the spatial origin of competing cues in a blocking procedure. Greater blocking was observed in the condition in which the auditory blocking cue and the…
Descriptors: Inhibition, Spatial Ability, Cues, Competition
Zentall, Thomas R.; Singer, Rebecca A. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2007
When behavior suggests that the value of a reinforcer depends inversely on the value of the events that precede or follow it, the behavior has been described as a "contrast" effect. Three major forms of contrast have been studied: "incentive contrast," in which a downward (or upward) shift in the magnitude of reinforcement produces a relatively…
Descriptors: Probability, Reinforcement, Behavior Modification, Animals
Lieving, Gregory A.; Reilly, Mark P.; Lattal, Kennon A. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2006
An observing procedure was used to investigate the effects of alterations in response-conditioned-reinforcer relations on observing. Pigeons responded to produce schedule-correlated stimuli paired with the availability of food or extinction. The contingency between observing responses and conditioned reinforcement was altered in three experiments.…
Descriptors: Behavior Modification, Stimuli, Reinforcement, Conditioning
Cattarelli, Martine; Dardou, David; Datiche, Frederique – Learning & Memory, 2006
When an odor is paired with a delayed illness, rats acquire a relatively weak odor aversion. In contrast, rats develop a strong aversion to an olfactory cue paired with delayed illness if it is presented simultaneously with a gustatory cue. Such a conditioning effect has been referred to as taste-potentiated odor aversion learning (TPOA). TPOA is…
Descriptors: Animal Behavior, Behavior Modification, Nonverbal Learning, Laboratory Experiments
Holahan, Matthew R.; White, Norman M. – Learning & Memory, 2004
Rats were trained by shocking them in a closed compartment. When subsequently tested in the same closed compartment with no shock, normal rats showed an increased tendency to freeze. They also showed an increased tendency to actively avoid the compartment when given access to an adjacent neutral compartment for the first time. Amygdala…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Animal Behavior, Drug Use, Experimental Psychology
Bailey, Robert E.; Gillaspy, J. Arthur, Jr. – Behavior Analyst, 2005
Marian and Keller Breland pioneered the application of operant psychology to commercial animal training during the 1940s and 1950s. The Brelands' story is relatively unknown in the history of behavior analysis. Using information from the Breland-Bailey papers, this paper describes the development and activities of Animal Behavior Enterprises…
Descriptors: Psychology, Mass Media Effects, Animal Behavior, Ethology
Ponnusamy, Ravikumar; Nissim, Helen A.; Barad, Mark – Learning & Memory, 2005
Extinction of conditioned fear in animals is the explicit model of behavior therapy for human anxiety disorders, including panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Based on previous data indicating that fear extinction in rats is blocked by quinpirole, an agonist of dopamine D2 receptors, we hypothesized…
Descriptors: Memory, Behavior Modification, Fear, Anxiety
McDonald, Theodore W.; Caso, Rafaelito; Fugit, Dee – Journal of Instructional Psychology, 2005
Many instructors have expressed a recent interest in incorporating service-learning activities into their courses. Several authors have maintained that service-learning opportunities help students to better understand class concepts and also lead to desirable outcomes in students, such as enhanced self esteem and an increased interest in social…
Descriptors: Animals, Psychology, College Faculty, Service Learning