Eight elementary school teachers, judged outstanding in ability to deal with difficult students but differing in socialization style (behavior modification, which involves rewards, or induction approaches, which emphasize rationales for behavior change), were the subjects of a study on classroom management strategies. The teachers nominated one…

Paper examines impact of a six-month social norms marketing intervention designed to reduce alcohol use among students attending a small, private university. Results indicate that little change in student alcohol use or perception of drinking norms occurred following the intervention. Gender effect was noted in the analysis with female students…

Examined effect of locked behavioral/cognitive treatment setting on Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and Jesness Inventory scores of conduct disordered adolescent inpatients. Pre- and posttest scores for 30 male and 20 female patients showed statistically significant changes on both inventories. Males responded to treatment more…

Surveyed college student (N=34) and general public (N=48) smokers regarding frequency, onset age, and daily situations associated with their habit. Results indicated no differences in either sample for responses according to sex, and correlations between smoking rate and onset age or years of smoking were not significant. (LLL)

Assigned 49 obese diabetic patients with obese spouses (diabetic or nondiabetic) to an alone or together (with spouses) treatment condition of behavioral weight control program. Found no significant differences in weight losses of patients at posttreatment or one-year followup, but did find that women did better when treated with their spouses,…

Examined gender differences in the patterns of process use for smoking cessation using the Processes of Change Questionnaire. Results demonstrated the structure of the measure for men and women was invariant at the level of the variance-covariance matrices and that the hypothesized two-factor model fit the data. Only state of change predicted the…

Demonstrates how high or low levels of adult structuring of activities during free play activities can induce sex-typed social behavior by preschool children. Examines the effects of naturally occurring variations in children's play on sex-typed social behaviors. (SA)

This study examined the importance of several parental factors in shaping the outcome of a behavioral treatment program for children with autism based on the work of O. Ivar Lovaas. The Lovaas approach remediates behavior problems through the redesign of the household environment. Respondents to a questionnaire sent to 18 families were 3 mothers…

The most common approach to self-management research has been to apply it to a specific target behavior, without attending to the generalizability of changes to other facets of one's life. A procedure for measuring self-management effectiveness under real world conditions was developed which emphasized the successful application of self-change…

A study compared the effectiveness of a 1-day parent workshop to improve parental self-efficacy in the management of problem behaviors associated with Asperger syndrome and six individual sessions. Parents in both intervention groups reported fewer problem behaviors compared to controls. Mothers reported a significantly greater increase in…

Investigated the effects of therapy modality and self-disclosure tendency and gender. High N=40 and 40 low scorers on a modified self-disclosure questionnaire were asked to rate audiotapes of simulated therapy sessions on several dimensions. High self-disclosers preferred client-centered therapy and low self-disclosers preferred systematic…

The document is concerned with women's failure to plan some reasonable occupational program, the lack of which places increasing pressure on the counselor and the female counselee. The report discusses some research on femininity: (1) how women adjust to the social norm; (2) how women describe the ideal woman; and (3) how women see themselves…

After viewing tapes of two simulated vocational-educational counseling sessions, one using a behavioral and the other a client-centered approach, college students were asked which counseling style they preferred. Both males and females preferred the behavioral approach, apparently for the "structure" it offers. (SJL)

The Milestone Reinforcer Survey was developed to assess reinforcer preferences of adults with mild to profound retardation living in community settings. Psychometric properties of the survey were established with 120 adults. The total reinforcer scores were found to be internally consistent, consistent across raters, and stable over time.…

The effectiveness of various court-ordered punishment dispositions is evaluated. Subjects receiving "no punishment" had a lower probability of future crime than those receiving fines. Repeaters and nonrepeaters did not differ on type of crime, seriousness of crime, or on amount of fine paid at first offense. (Author)