Investigated whether effectiveness of behavioral marital therapy would be increased by addition of cognitive restructuring and/or emotional expressiveness training for maritally distressed couples. Results from 60 such couples randomly assigned to a variety of treatment combinations revealed that the addition of cognitive restructuring and…

Four autistic and severely handicapped children (ages 9-13) were taught to recruit or set the occasion for praise from an adult. After the structured instruction, the children used these behaviors in all generalization settings and were frequently successful in recruiting praise. (Author/DB)

The critical analysis of 23 studies using respondent techniques for the reduction of excessive emotional reactions in school children focuses on research design, dependent variables, independent variables, component analysis, and demonstrations of generalization and maintenance. Results indicate widespread methodological flaws that limit the…

Six four-year-olds were subjects in two experiments on correspondence training procedures with toy play behaviors. The experiments found that presence or absence of children's verbalizations exerted no influence on play with target toys, and that children were less likely to engage in target behaviors when no antecedent experimenter verbalization…

Examined relevance of depression to chronic pain. Found significant differences among 131 depressed, mildly depressed, and nondepressed chronic pain sufferers on instrumental activities and coping skills, with more depressed subjects reporting lower levels of functioning and less support. Depressed pain patients showed greater tendency to drop out…

Classical conditioning is responsible for students' positive and negative feelings, whether directed toward subject matter, peers, teachers, or education in general. This article explains how educators can use classical conditioning principles (such as reinforcement, extinction, and paired stimuli) to create an anxiety-free learning environment.…

Presents research supporting cognitive-behavioral model for counselor supervision and gives conceptual and procedural base for defining and implementing cognitive-behavioral supervision approach. Describes three supervision techniques (mental practice, covert modeling, cognitive modeling) and three supervision interventions (cognitive…

Investigated variables potentially related to participation and success in worksite smoking modification program. Found that older subjects who were heavy smokers were most likely to participate in program. Strength of habit and age were inversely associated with success at quitting smoking at posttreatment and with smoking reduction among…

Proposes an ecological model for health promotion that focuses on individual and societal environmental factors as targets for health promotion interventions. The model assumes that changes in the social environment will produce changes in individuals and that support of individuals is essential for implementing environmental changes. (JOW)

Participants (n=128) quit smoking on a target date, after a 3-week period of either scheduled reduced smoking, nonscheduled reduced smoking, scheduled nonreduced smoking, or nonscheduled, nonreduced smoking. After one year, the scheduled reduced group performed the best, and the nonscheduled reduced group the worst. Both scheduled groups performed…

Compared behavioral and cognitive-behavioral conditions, alone and in combination with structured discussion of anticipated undesired outcomes of communicating corrective feedback, in terms of effects on high- and low-risk takers' corrective feedback production and attitudes toward counseling groups. Subjects who received cognitive and behavioral…

This paper reviews literature-based techniques of intervention with posttraumatic stress disorder in children, including such techniques as crisis intervention, in vitro flooding, communication training, physical mastery, perspective taking, elimination of self-blame, and self-calming. (JDD)

At 16 senior centers, studied effectiveness of exercise and cognitive-behavioral programs, compared to discussion control program, in reducing falls and injuries among 230 older adults. After one year of programs, observed no significant difference in time to first fall among groups. Secondary outcome measures such as strength, balance, fear of…

Reviews and highlights recent research advances and future research directions concerned with behavioral and cognitive-behavioral approaches to chronic pain. Reviews assessment research on studies of social context of pain, relationship of chronic pain to depression, cognitive variables affecting pain, and comprehensive assessment measures.…

Relates one teacher's solution to the late paper dilemma that strikes a balance between showing compassion and teaching students the meaning of responsibility. Four late paper coupons were issued to each student at the beginning of the year, allowing them to turn in assignments late while deterring habitual tardiness. (MDM)