Researchers in learning analytics have created indicators with learners' trace data as a proxy for studying learner behaviour in a college course. Student Approaches to Learning (SAL) is one of the theories used to explain these behaviours, distinguishing between deep, surface, and organized study. In Latin America, researchers have demonstrated…

It has been suggested in previous literature that the wife's employment status has both positive and negative influences on marital interaction and companionship. The differences in findings and hypotheses can be interpreted by either the theory of role strain or the theory of role accumulation. The purpose of this investigation is to determine…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between masculinity, feminity, and androgyny and measures of sexual behavior, attitudes and knowledge. Sexual attitudes and knowledge were assessed by use of the Sexual Knowledge and Attitudes Test, and sexual behavior was assessed by means of the Sexual Experiences Inventory. Subjects…

Following the reasoning of "expectation states theory", the present study was designed to answer three questions: (1) Is the task orientation of males and females different when they work on a task together? (2) Is the task orientation of males and females working on a task, separately, different? and, (3) If there are differences, will status…

Challenging three common presuppositions concerning role orientations (the values, attitudes, and expectations associated with professional and organizational roles), a research study explores the dimensions of role orientations in five models and suggests three mechanisms generating associations among these dimensions. (WD)

Investigated the extent to which Swedish couples (N=128) share domestic tasks using a mail survey. Suggests Swedish couples shared household chores more evenly than American couples. Results indicated variables measuring social exchange theory, family life-cycle stage, and socialization had the greatest influence on role sharing behavior.…

A major problem in the study of marital interaction has been the lack of attention to contextual determinants of differences within couples' behavioral exchanges. To compare spouses' control behaviors in overt and ongoing communication as a function of both conflict and intimacy situational contexts, and to analyze the influence of spouse's role,…

The sex role preceptions and behavior of female college students were examined in this study. Using an exchange theory orientation, it was hypothesized that role perceptions and related behavior patterns are related to the rewards and costs a woman expects to result from the performance of masculine and feminine behaviors. The women first…

Tested the degree of association between probation officers' sent and received roles and role behavior in four juvenile courts. Found the role communicated to probation officers by their superiors was predictive of the role the probation officers perceived but not of the role as enacted with juveniles. (Author)

The main objective of the research was to define and dimensionalize the self concept. In a theoretical approach similar to the debates on the meaning of intelligence, this study attempted to determine whether the self concept is a general factor which explains more specific selves, whether it connotes a hierarchical structure, or whether it is…

Assessed whether evaluations of men and women are influenced by the gender appropriateness of personality characteristics. Students (N=211) rated written descriptions of masculine or feminine individuals with socially desirable or undesirable personality traits. Results showed gender appropriateness had no significant effect on evaluation. Ratings…

Studied the effects of maternal employment on mother-child relations and children's psychosocial functioning. Mother-son pairs (N=28) were divided into maternal working versus maternal nonworking groups. Groups were observed at home and in a laboratory. Results indicated no significant main effects or interaction effects for maternal working…

Argues that the way people organize their roles and identities is an empirical issue, not an established fact. Found that people who maintain more balance across their entire systems of roles and activities will score lower on measures of role strain and depression and higher on measures of well-being. (RJM)

If social roles rather than biological destiny are responsible for sex differences in disease, then employed women should show patterns of illness similar to those of employed men, and different from those of housewives. Recent national mortality and morbidity data, however, do not indicate whether employed women are sicker or healthier than…

An experiment was devised to apply role theory to the prediction of communication behavior by observing dominance behavior as a function of gender and attitudes toward sex role stereotypes. Task type was used as an exploratory variable. The hypothesized interaction of gender and sex role attitudes did not occur, and the hypothesis that men would…