This article proposes a model for the experimental process involved in counseling groups composed of counselor trainees. The group setting provides members the opportunity to learn and practice facilitative behavior while achieving increased self-understanding and self-congruence. (Author)

The author suggests that to be accountable counselors need not only restrict themselves to precise observations of behavioral change. Subjective reality can also be a valid measure of a counselor's effectiveness. (Author)

This study attempted to measure the generalization of the counseling skills learned via the microcounseling paradigm to the actual counseling setting. Results indicated that experimental subjects evidence greater learning and retention of skills in reflection of feeling and summarization of feeling. (Author)

Multiple case study of four supervisors of master's level students in a counselor education program indicated that numerous factors shaped supervisors' in-session performance and revealed a complex interplay between thoughts and behaviors. (ABL)

The goal of this study was to identify relationships among the counseling behaviors of practicum trainees and the supervision behaviors of their supervisors during a one-semester counseling practicum. Trained judges rated several variables from audiotapes. Empathy levels of the supervisors had no apparent effect on the trainees. (Author)

Fear of personal change makes many beginning counselors resist the help and guidance offered them in the practicum setting, often leaving their supervisors perplexed and frustrated. Types of resistance used by counselors are examined in this article. Methods and techniques available to supervisors in dealing with such resistance are discussed.…

This article describes the counselor educator as a model who can combine positive reinforcement techniques, imitative learning, and microcounseling skills to share studnet-counselor development. Pertinent research and theory are reviewed. (Author)

Study results show a substantial increase on accurate empathy but no overall gains on nonpossessive warmth, with some decrease among those counselors initially displaying high levels of warmth. (Author/CJ)

Examines the effect of different amounts of client-therapist interaction data on empathy ratings. Audiotaped therapist-client interactions including client statement, therapist response, and subsequent client response were rated for therapist empathy by high-functioning, experienced raters. Raters made different judgments about levels of therapist…

Study data indicated that a combination of awareness and reinforcement was more effective in increasing the emission of target statements than either variable alone. (Author)

Client ratings of the abilities of 33 school counselors to communicate the core facilitative conditions of empathy, regard, congruence, and trust are compared to the counselors' scores on a measure of self-actualization. Results support the contention that there exists a strong relationship between self-actualization and counselor effectiveness as…

Counselor educators and supervisors of counselors should be concerned about the functions not understood or not performed by directors which the counselors perceived as limiting the effectiveness of the guidance programs. (Author)

Adaptability ratings were conducted comparing male and female counselor trainee differences. Tasks consisted of a client behaving on the basis of a predefined role. Counselor trainees responses were evaluated for counselor adaptability. Data indicate no significant differences in male and female counselor trainee adaptability ratings regardless of…

To study the effectiveness of counselor supervisory methods, three groups of supervisees rated specific supervisor behaviors for frequency and effectiveness. Results showed beginning trainees emphasized the mechanics and task of supervision, while experienced supervisees perceived a less structured interaction that was more supportive and more…