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Barker, Jacqueline M.; Bryant, Kathleen G.; Chandler, L. Judson – Learning & Memory, 2019
The loss of behavioral flexibility is common across a number of neuropsychiatric illnesses. This may be in part due to the loss of the ability to detect or use changes in action-outcome contingencies to guide behavior. There is growing evidence that the ventral hippocampus plays a critical role in the regulation of flexible behavior and…
Descriptors: Brain, Rewards, Behavior Patterns, Cognitive Processes
Zonca, Joshua; Coricelli, Giorgio; Polonio, Luca – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
In our everyday life, we often need to anticipate the potential occurrence of events and their consequences. In this context, the way we represent contingencies can determine our ability to adapt to the environment. However, it is not clear how agents encode and organize available knowledge about the future to react to possible states of the…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Individual Differences, Task Analysis, Futures (of Society)
Raab, Melinda; Dunst, Carl J.; Hamby, Deborah W. – Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 2016
Findings from a randomized controlled design study of an ability-based versus needs-based approach to response-contingent learning among children with significant developmental delays and disabilities who did not use instrumental behavior to produce reinforcing consequences are reported. The ability-based intervention and needs-based intervention…
Descriptors: Disabilities, Developmental Delays, Intervention, Young Children
Kroger-Costa, Andreia; Abreu-Rodrigues, Josele – Psychological Record, 2012
The present study investigated the effect of the presence of the experimenter on behavioral sensitivity to contingency change. In history training, college students were exposed to differential reinforcement of low rate (DRL) and fixed-ratio (FR) schedules, and in testing, to a fixed-interval (FI) schedule. For the control group, instructions were…
Descriptors: Contingency Management, Reinforcement, Instruction, History
Aspiranti, K. B.; McCleary, D. F.; McCleary, L. N.; Ga-lyon, C. E.; Blondin, C. A.; Yaw, J. S.; Williams, R. L. – Journal on Excellence in College Teaching, 2013
The authors examined the effects of randomized and delayed credit on the percentage of college students participating at four pre-defined levels on each class discussion day: non-participation, credit-level participation, frequent participation, and dominant participation. Although the same amount of participation credit was available to students…
Descriptors: College Students, Student Participation, College Credits, Reinforcement
Levine, Eva S.; Anshel, Daphne J. – Psychology in the Schools, 2011
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remains one of the most prevalent mental health diagnoses identified in school-age children. Affected children show an increased risk for school failure, social difficulties, and the development of psychiatric comorbidities. Despite the availability of evidence-based behavioral protocols for managing…
Descriptors: Case Studies, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Behavior Patterns, School Psychologists
Friman, Patrick C.; And Others – Analysis and Intervention in Developmental Disabilities, 1984
Three punishment procedures--contingent applications of water mist, lemon juice, and vinegar--were evaluated as aversive treatment methods for a self-stimulatory behavior exhibited by a severely retarded 11-year-old male. The water mist procedure was as effective as lemon juice or vinegar, presented less physical threat to the client, and was…
Descriptors: Autism, Behavior Modification, Behavior Patterns, Contingency Management

Burron, Dawne; Bucher, Bradley – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1978
Examines the relationship between self-instructions and subsequent instruction-following performance of 7- and 8-year-old children as a function of previous reinforcement for rule-breaking or rule-following. (BD)
Descriptors: Behavior Patterns, Contingency Management, Elementary School Students, Reinforcement
Williams, Bruce W. – 1979
Reward contingencies and other extrinsic constraints on behavior can lead to reduced levels of interest in and/or decreased engagement in a target activity in a subsequent noncontingent situation. It has been hypothesized that this effect is caused by a change in the self-perceived locus of motivation from intrinsic to extrinsic. It follows from…
Descriptors: Behavior Change, Behavior Patterns, Contingency Management, Interests
Drabman, Ronald S. – 1975
This paper addresses some of the practical ways by which students can be given information about the adequacy of their responding. The author views this information as all that is frequently necessary to alter an inappropriate behavior. Thus, he considers feedback to be the first step in most behavior management programs. Studies to determine how…
Descriptors: Behavior Change, Behavior Patterns, Change Strategies, Contingency Management

Carr, Edward G. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1994
The successful application of functional analysis to problem behavior suggests the need to examine: additional functional properties of behavior involving social avoidance, biological reinforcement, and respondent conditioning; the role of context (including social factors and biological factors); and the multidimensional character of assessment…
Descriptors: Behavior Patterns, Behavior Problems, Behavioral Science Research, Contingency Management

Horner, Robert H. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1994
Functional assessment is redefining the standards for clinical interventions with problem behavior and reemphasizing the importance of basic behavioral mechanisms. It has shown the importance of complex patterns of behavioral control, functional assessment as an ongoing process, and the importance of attention to antecedent variables. Future…
Descriptors: Behavior Patterns, Behavior Problems, Contingency Management, Evaluation Methods

Kara, Ashok; Wahler, Robert G. – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1977
This study was designed to investigate response-class phenomena and the possibility of indirect contingency control. A 3 1/2-year-old male was the subject for the study. (BD)
Descriptors: Behavior Change, Behavior Patterns, Contingency Management, Learning Theories

Wylie, A. Michael; Grosmann, J. A. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1988
The study evaluated the effectiveness of superimposition and subsequent removal of a schedule of continuous reinforcement (CRF) as a rate-decreasing procedure in efforts to eliminate unwanted behaviors. Examination of lever-pressing patterns of eight male rats showed responding was substantially reduced during the superimposition of CRF but…
Descriptors: Animal Behavior, Behavior Modification, Behavior Patterns, Behavior Problems
Dunst, Carl J,; Raab, Melinda; Trivette, Carol M.; Parkey, Cindy; Gatens, Mary; Wilson, Linda L.; French, Jennie; Hamby, Deborah W. – Journal of Early and Intensive Behavior Intervention, 2007
Findings from two studies of 42 children with profound developmental delays (26 males and 15 females) using systematic and intense response-contingent learning opportunities interventions are reported. Response-contingent learning games were used to promote the participants' use of behavior that either produced environmental consequences or…
Descriptors: Games, Developmental Delays, Behavior Patterns, Early Intervention