Subjects judged the behavior of a target person who had helped or not helped a person in distress while the target person was either alone or with confederates who also had helped or not helped. In addition, subjects were told that either (1) 80 percent of all persons tested had helped, (2) 20 percent had helped, or (3) nothing about the…

This report presents estimates of the distributions of perceptions of teachers and other school officials on selected behavioral characteristics of youths 12-17 years of age in the noninstitutional U.S. population by age and sex. These findings are based on questionnaire responses obtained from last schools attended by youths examined in the…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of being imitated on behaviors of preschool children. Each of 24 subjects was given a choice of three responses in a marble-dropping task and was required to make one choice, after which an experimenter either imitated or did not imitate a subject's behavior. The results indicated that when a…

The present study investigated how type of interaction between groups affects intergroup hostility and how this intergroup hostility may be reduced. In the first phase of the study groups were led to believe that they were either competing, cooperating, or having no interaction with a second group. The results indicated that competition led to the…

This is the first stage of a research project concerned with the various ways in which parents perceive and categorize children's behavior and the effect this perception may have on parental reaction to such behavior. The present study compared the various ways in which mothers and fathers perceptually categorize the behavior of girls and boys. A…

This paper investigated whether children can learn to cooperate under minimal social conditions. The research also compares the effectiveness of verbal instructions and a training task for teaching subjects the "win-stay/lose-change" rule. This rule has been used to explain the development of cooperation in the minimal social situation. Subjects…

This study investigates seating distance and angles of location and orientation in a conversational situation as a function of several variables: attitudinal agreement or disagreement by a stranger, agreeing or disagreeing normative information, and personality variables. Subjects were 52 randomly selected introductory psychology students from the…

The authors develop a model of undergraduate student attendance that relies on five parameters, one of these being a parameter of total work, w, required to complete the degree. An enrollment forecasting method consistent with these attendance patterns is developed and compared with data for the period, 1961-1966, and a cohort of 2126 and 3298…

The Work Group on Behavior Modification in Education, which issued this report, was authorized by Secretary Elliot Richardson on November 21, 1970. The body of this report includes an analysis of the benefits of behavior modification techniques in education, examples of their successful application with a variety of large student populations, an…

Depressed and nondepressed college students were frustrated in an incentive task utilizing a nonreward technique. Matched controls undertook a similar task in which the frustration condition was absent. Subjects were 127 undergraduate psychology students. Pre- and post-test measures of hostility and depression were obtained. The Beck Depression…

The aim of this study was to investigate several aspects of daily thinking among delinquents and nondelinquents while adequately controlling institutionalization. Noninstitutionalized subjects demonstrate a higher degree of activity in their daily thinking than their institutionalized counterparts. (Author)

The purposes of this study were to identify key communicators within a sample of Research and Development laboratories, to explore those factors which motivate individuals to assume and maintain the role of key communicators, and to derive implications for further study of the characteristics of key communicators in R & D laboratories. (Author)

This study indicates a discrepancy in the prefects' and students' perceptions of both the ideal and actual roles of the prefect. Such discrepancies decrease the effectiveness of the prefect. The instrument used in the study consists of a two-part questionnaire. Part I is included in this report. (Author/DOW)

This study investigates the application of predictor variables identified by nine previous studies and by staff members of a family court and its psychiatric clinic to clinical predictions of dangerousness. The records of 122 juveniles were studied. No significant relationships were found. (Author)

This paper analyzes development of group structure in terms of the stimulus-sampling perspective. Learning is the continual sampling of possibilities, with those reinforced possibilities increasing in probability of occurance. This contingency learning approach is tested experimentally. (NG)