The purpose of the study was to test the discriminative cue hypothesis by attempting to train pupils to increase effort following a high expectancy condition and to reduce effort following a low expectancy condition. Fourth grade high-IQ low achievers were used as subjects in the study, because the authors felt that while they would learn fast,…

This book explores some of the basic principles of behavior which have been derived from the study of operant conditioning and considers the phenomenon of sport in society in the light of these principles. First, some of the terms used in Skinnerian behavioral analysis are defined and explained. The second section examines the reinforcements…

Combines and examines evidence from two longitudinal studies of infant and family development to determine whether experience of extensive nonmaternal care in the first year is associated with heightened risk of insecure infant-mother attachment and, in the case of sons, infant-father attachment. (Author/RWB)

Developed as part of the Milieu Language Teaching Project at the John F. Kennedy Center at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, this KIDTALK Behavior-Language Coding Protocol and manual measures behavior occurring during adult-child interactions. The manual is divided into 5 distinct sections: (1) the adult behavior codes describe…

The group leader must be cognizant of mechanisms which occur in the group and their affect upon group members, and must create a climate which will promote self understanding, growth, and change. (Author)

Teachers trained with the revised Utah State University Self-Concept Protocol Program showed significant increases on six of twelve program-related behaviors. Although no gains in self-concept were made by handicapped children, there was evidence for differential effectiveness of the program for learning disabled and emotionally handicapped…

The cooperative behavior of 144 children in three groups--Cuban-Americans in either private or public schools and Anglo-Americans--decreased when task instructions emphasized individual rewards. Only the Anglo-American children, who maintained a significant level of competitiveness throughout, significantly increased their competitive behavior in…

An examination of the social and economic behaviors of foreign students reveals them to be rationally adaptive strategies in response to the constraints imposed by their position in U.S. society. Coping strategies include the use of a number of social brokers, including the foreign student adviser. (Author)

Studied the link between specific sexual behaviors, HIV testing, levels of knowledge and personal vulnerability regarding HIV, and alcohol and condom use among college students. A significant portion (33.9%) of students stated that they were at risk for HIV and 25.4% reported that they had been tested for HIV. Includes a copy of the behavior…

Reviews recent research on college students' substance abuse, discussing the nature and extent of substance use and examining the effect of demographics and personality, year in college, grade point average, residence, motivation, and attitudes. Suggestions for coping with problems of campus alcohol use are offered. (Author/SM)

Attempted to identify behavioral precursors of conflict outcomes and to isolate unique characteristics of important conflicts. Results suggest that conflict components were interrelated. Resolutions were associated with outcomes and affective intensity, and affective intensity was linked to lessons learned. Apparently, the salience of an…

This study examined the effectiveness of an instructional system (a modified version of the School Survival Skills Curriculum) in developing and improving the school survival skills of students with behavioral disorders. Using a pretest-posttest group design, subjects demonstrated improvement in overall use of school survival skills but no…

According to an Oregon longitudinal study, the single best predictor of adolescent criminal behavior is a long-established pattern of early school antisocial behavior. The most promising intervention programs feature a strong family component and direct intervention procedures simultaneously applied to the student's school behavior. A sidebar…

A functional analysis involving antecedent events was conducted with four students identified as having behavior problems. Off-task behavior was measured while task difficulty and level of adult attention was manipulated during analog sessions. Results revealed higher rates of off-task behavior during difficult tasks and improved behavior when…

Investigated the problem of teen night drifters in Hong Kong, examining teens' social background, subculture, reasons for drifting, services needed, and problems faced. Results from interviews indicated that most drifters were different from homeless or runaway youth. Although they still lived with their families, they were alienated or detached…