On the basis of the sibling-similarity hypothesis, it was hypothesized that females with a sister as opposed to females with a brother would report less past and desired sport participation and more psychological femininity. To investigate this hypothesis, sibling-sex-status and ordinal position effects were analyzed separately for females who…

This document is Part I of an extensive cross cultural project, and focuses upon the development of behavior that relates the child both to authority figures in the salient social systems about him and to the rules designed to govern the behavior of members of the system. Systems include the family, school, community, nation, and religion.…

With reference to the need for delineation of parameters operative in children's play, the position preferences of four groups of nursery school subjects were studied in a laboratory playroom. A large and small trestle were interchanged between center and corner positions in a series of play sessions. The frequency with which the subjects used…

The procedures by which children from lower and middle class backgrounds attempt to obtain rewarding outcomes from each other were observed under semicontrolled conditions. Ten male and 9 female dyads, each composed of 1 middle class and 1 lower class preschool child, were required to complete 12 simple block puzzles in which each was given some…

Little research has been done in the area of counseling within the secondary school. This research was designed to analyze verbatim transcriptions of secondary school counseling interviews in order to establish a description of school counselee verbal behavior. A total of 50 transcripts involving 50 different counselees were used. The interviews…

Response latency was studied as a measure of associative strength or degree of learning and possible basis for instructional decision making in computer-assisted instruction. Latency was investigated in a paired-associate task as a function of training procedure and information transmission requirements during acquisition and overlearning. The…

Some distinct advantages in utilizing theory-oriented research as opposed to nontheoretic data gathering research are examined in this paper. Further, the need for theory-based research is suggested by defining the nature of theory and by reviewing two theory-oriented research developments. The funnel model of causality from the area of political…

The objective of this study was to compare an information processing based measure of television program form to a measure of form based on the perception of the organization of program production elements. Three hypotheses were set up to test the presumption that the two program measures are related to the same underlying dimension: show scores…

The classroom behaviors of 12 segregated and 14 integrated educable mentally retarded (EMR) children (mean age 10 years) who were all formerly segregated and then randomly assigned to their present class placement were compared to those of a low IQ group who had never been identified for special class placements and an intellectually average group…

Any attempt to derive conclusions from the literature regarding leadership in education is limited because much of the literature consists of untested opinion and most empirical studies are based on information from one school or one school district and are thus very limited. Most studies utilize variables that are unique to the particular study…

The authors develop a model of undergraduate student attendance that relies on five parameters, one of these being a parameter of total work, w, required to complete the degree. An enrollment forecasting method consistent with these attendance patterns is developed and compared with data for the period, 1961-1966, and a cohort of 2126 and 3298…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the ways in which the occupational behaviors of Montana secondary school counselors are complementary to, or in conflict with, the expectancies of their various publics. In this study the counselors and their various publics (counselor-educators, school administrators, teachers, students, parents) were…

In association with an extensive examination of the disclosure literature, this paper describes two laboratory studies designed to yield information regarding the effects of reinforcement on self-disclosing behaviors in an exchange process. In one series, the experimenters manipulated the patterns of personal reward/cost experiences, hypothesizing…

This report on the proceedings of the American Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation's National Leadership Development Conference on Smoking and Health Education contains speeches and reports from the conference. They include "Current Information on Smoking and Health"; "The Role of the Elementary School Principal"; "The Role…

Depressed and nondepressed college students were frustrated in an incentive task utilizing a nonreward technique. Matched controls undertook a similar task in which the frustration condition was absent. Subjects were 127 undergraduate psychology students. Pre- and post-test measures of hostility and depression were obtained. The Beck Depression…