Demonstrates that there are important conceptual distinctions among the constructs of reticence, shyness, communication apprehension, and unwillingness to communicate. Argues that the failure to recognize the distinctions impedes research and precludes improved methods of identifying the problems and improving treatment. (PD)

The concept of subject-matter directed motivation, measured by means of questionnaires, proves useful for evaluation, though it covers and emphasizes only one aspect of those modes of behavior which are regarded as motivated. (Author/DEP)

Personality characteristics of husbands and wives were examined in two contexts: (1) traditional families, in which the husband was employed and the wife was a homemaker; and (2) two-career families, in which both members were employed. Results are discussed. (Author)

An analysis of the helping process suggests two important components of behaving competently. In the present research, snake phobics provided help to confederates whom they believed to be similarly phobic. Modeling produces more subjective improvement than the expectancy manipulation. (Author)

The scope of this article is a review and brief discussion of recently gathered information on androgens and sexual behavior in men. Current pharmacological research does not furnish specific evidence that administration of androgens or preprations that stimulate the secretion of endogenous androgens have beneficial effects on functional…

This research, based on approximately 650 college student questionnaires, suggests that it is difficult for youth to think of their parents as sexual beings. Students' estimates of their parents' sexual behavior disagreed significantly with research data on the sexual behavior of parent-age populations. (Author)

Relationships of sex role attitudes and fear of success with college women's grade point average, academic major, and future career and marriage plans are examined. Sex role attitudes were related to major, career and marriage plans. Fear of success was not related to grade point average, major, career or marriage plans. (Author)

Draws a comparison between the Australian belief that the aboriginal practice of walkabout is inherited and the American belief that educational failures are due to family problems, low I.Q. and poverty. (AM)

Outlines some of the essential features of the barroom situation the stages of interaction, and some of the typical tactics taken by members to increase the possibility of a sexual encounter. (Author/AM)

Sex-role characteristics have been differentiated into sex-role orientation, sex-role preference, and sex-role adoption. These sex-role characteristics must, in turn, be distinguished from one's similarity to a parent. A literature review found fathers generally more concerned than mothers with sex-typing their children, particularly their boys.…

This psychological autopsy of the suicidal death of an adolescent Indian boy includes a brief family background, a history of his difficulties, and a report of his psychological evaluation. The report includes an analysis of the resources currently available in Indian communities. (Author)

Male (N=67) and female (N=83) students filled out the Do-It-Yourself Death Certificate (DIYDC), Handal and Templer death concern scales, and a Death Personification Exercise (DPE). Males and females who saw death as being sexless showed less anxiety about death. (Author)

Violent behaviors increasingly provide the basis for psychiatric hospitalization. This study targeted a group of high-risk psychiatric inpatients with a recent history of violence. A solution-focused treatment approach was used in conducting two ongoing weekly therapy groups. Patients were encouraged to reflect upon occasions where they…

This study considered the nature of student engagement and its relation to academic achievement, showing that engagement is an essential ingredient of learning and achievement. A review of the literature on class size suggested a strong link between small classes and positive engagement behavior. To examine the potential lasting effect of…

Data collected from 297 teachers and 7,376 students in 20 urban high schools were used to examine relationships between dimensions of bureaucratic structure and pupil control orientation and behavior. Results of the analyses revealed two distinct patterns of rational organization. Hierarchy, rules, impersonality, and centralization comprised the…