The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the Internal External (I-E) control construct and time utilization on a test of verbal ability. A total of 148 college students participated in the study, 63 of whom were assigned to the experimental group. All subjects took two tests: the I-E Scale, and a multiple choice test of…

Based on Kelly's theory of Personal Constructs, it was hypothesized that there is a positive relationship between the degree of congruence of spouses Personal Constructs (PCs) and their reported marital success. Twenty-four couples, married from six months to 31 years, volunteered as Ss. To assess PCs, each S was administered a 40-dimension scale…

The elements of planned change outlined in this article, while directed toward a student personnel program, may also prove useful if applied to other aspects of the college program. One useful scheme for thinking about change describes it as a level or phase of behavior within an institutional setting, not as a static "habit" or "custom," but as a…

This document includes three papers on long-term investigations of the population characteristics of disadvantaged preschool children. Myles I. Friedman, et.al., approached the problem of curriculum construction by describing and identifying readiness behaviors in children. Twenty-two tests were administered to 1600 4- to 6-year-old advantaged and…

Ineffective communication in an organization is costly. This paper examines one of the many approaches to solving this problem--increasing employee awareness of communication by increasing employee communication skills and sophistication. Simulation games are an effective means of improving employee awareness. The simulation provides a common…

The purpose of this review was to investigate the relationship between counselor characteristics and reports of effectiveness. The theoretical position appears to focus on two opposing views. The humanists emphasize the influence of intuition, genuineness, and spontaneity, while the behaviorists place importance on technique, analysis of…

The utilization of personal space as a function of race and sex was the subject of this investigation. The specific focus of the study was to discover if blacks within American society learn and enact different personal space definitions from those of the majority culture. A 2 x 2 factorial analysis of variance with repeated measures on two…

Students in four metropolitan high schools participated in a survey of marijuana use. It was found that the personality traits of these early adolescents were related to the "style" of their marijuana usage, i.e., to the social conditions under which they tended to use the drug. Further, a given personality trait's relationship to the style of…

This study is concerned with the integration, cohesiveness, and satisfaction of communication processes within a large, complex organization. Since smaller, less complex organizations are considered to have a higher degree of integrativeness, the increased size and complexity of an organization diminishes the integration of communication processes…

Two cartoon strips were the vehicle for surveying perceptions of power use in everyday situations. A stratified cross-sectional sample of 430 adults in Los Angeles were interviewed. Their task was to choose a behavior, illustrated by a cartoon panel, most likely to be employed by a policeman in one instance and a nurse in another to secure…

A critical review of the small group literature is undertaken in an attempt to identify those characteristics which distinguish the dyad, the two-person group, from larger groups. Comparisons of dyads to larger groups are made in five categories of major small group variables: influence processes, affiliation processes, role differentiation and…

Six studies relevant to the analysis of generalized imitative behavior are described. The first examined the role of verbal instructions in generalized imitation by comparing the use of a "do this" instruction with no such instruction and the use of positive reinforcement with no reinforcement. The tenacity of generalized imitation in this study…

The relationship between social class and patterns of reinforcement used by pre-school Israeli boys and girls and their mothers was investigated. Thirty lower and 30 middle class mothers instructed their own four year old in a simple task. These four year olds had previously taught a three year old a comparable task. Middle class children used…

Two studies are presented in which three fourth- or fifth-graders, assigned to five experimentally-created conditions which differed systematically in presence or absence of task-roles and group roles, were asked to cooperate in making a block-pattern on a round board. Behavior was pre-coded in various group-oriented and individual-oriented…

The classroom behavior and academic achievement of 32 educable retarded children (EMR) with a mean age of 11.24 years were studied in two types of open classrooms, graded and multi-age, and compared to that in a special education class. The three different instructional environments were found to generate characteristically different patterns of…