Explores whether evolved disposition that differs by sex or social structure explains sex differences in human behavior. Illustrates the explanatory power of each theory, and reviews a study (D. Buss, 1989) that supports the social structural theory with respect to mate preference. (SLD)

Studied interpersonal heterosexist discrimination by examining the self-reported anti-gay behaviors of 226 heterosexual college students. Of these students, 94.9% had perpetrated some form of discriminatory behavior, and 32.7% had committed a behavior rated as moderately harmful or more. More self-reported discriminatory behavior was associated…

The first article, by Everett V. Smith, Jr., in this section discusses screening college students for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder using the Adult Behavior Checklist (B. Johnson and S. Lyonfields, 1995). The second article, by George Karabatsos, describes the Rasch analysis and graphical depiction of measures of criminals' attitudes.…

Responds to a critique by Mudford, Hogg, and Roberts (1997) that raised concerns about the observation code used in a longitudinal research project to assess emerging behavior state patterns in young children with disabilities. Concerns about the thoroughness of the reliability data collected by Mudford are discussed. (Author/CR)

Responses of 123 adults were used to develop a measure to assess expectations and stereotypes about adolescents. The developed scale was refined and tested with 361 college students and 112 parents of young adolescents. The measure's subscales demonstrate adequate internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity. (SLD)

Data were gathered on 19 variables representing instructional contexts and engaged behavior of 29 students with severe disabilities educated in general education elementary classrooms. Results indicate that students were provided a comprehensive array of instructional activities with a greater proportion of instruction provided through academic…

Factors related to risky driving and drinking/driving decisions were explored by presenting vignettes to 135 older adolescents, aged 17 to 24. Analyses reveal that alcohol-related behaviors, attitudes toward the acceptability of drinking, and previous drinking and drinking/driving experiences were all significant predictors of decisions about…

Identifies important aspects of faculty trust and school climate. Trust in the principal and trust in colleagues were aspects of faculty trust that were affected in this study of middle schools. The organizational climate factors of supportive, directive, and restrictive principal behavior and collegial, committed, and disengaged teacher behavior…

Reports an impact study of the Western Australian School Leadership Program, a development program for administrators. Questionnaires completed by 357 program participants and 287 colleagues indicated the impact of the training on leader behavior in schools. The effect was enhanced when several leaders from the same school had participated. (SLD)

Reports the results of part one of a multi-faceted research project investigating children's information-seeking behavior in using World Wide Web search engines, with reference to Yahooligans. Examines search processes, patterns of exploration of returned results, success in finding/retrieving relevant information, persistence in finding…

Tests of executive functions and control tasks not assessing executive function were administered to 19 individuals (ages 6-28) mild hyperphenylalaninemia (MHP) and 19 controls. Tests of academic skills and behavior-rating questionnaires were also administered to the group with MHP. No group differences were found for any measure. (Contains…

This article critiques the research methodology used by Mudford, Hogg, and Roberts (1999) that resulted in a failure to achieve inter-observer agreement on adults with mental retardation when using an experimental, 13-category behavior state code. Arguments are provided on why their videotape study does not meet requirements of acceptable…

Evaluated the Philadelphia Early Childhood Collaborative, a program designed to improve child care by increasing cooperation among organizations that deliver professional resources to child care providers. Found no long-term effects on provider behavior, attitudes, or knowledge, although child care providers rated services highly. (SLD)

The association between help-seeking and nearly lethal suicide attempts was evaluated using data from a population-based, case-control study. Measures of help-seeking included type of consultant contacted, and whether suicide was discussed. Findings suggest efforts to better understand the role of help-seeking in suicide prevention deserves…

This study is an initial examination of behavioral and emotional differences between male and female juvenile offenders using an omnibus self-report personality inventory. Differences between male and female juvenile offenders were found on 6 of 14 comparisons. Findings provide support for differential treatment planning in addressing the needs of…