Presents a theoretical framework for viewing adolescent contraceptive usage. The problem-solving process is used for developmentally examining the competencies that must be present for effective contraceptive use, including: problem recognition, motivation, generation of alternatives, decision making and implementation. Each aspect is discussed…

Outlines a procedure for teaching students to be responsible. Argues that the procedure can not only promote personal growth in students but free time for teachers to assist students who need extra help. (FL)

Offers brief descriptions of research concerning (1) media bias toward business, (2) foreign affairs coverage in elite and mass periodicals, (3) how emphasis on people affects coverage of crime, (4) antisocial and prosocial behavior on prime-time television, (5) network news coverage of Iran, and (6) magazines' reporting on insects. (FL)

Investigated the effects of selected spatial-environmental conditions on counselor and counselee interview behaviors. Rated excerpts from initial sessions. Results indicated significant effects of distance on counselor concreteness, lighting on counselor communication of cognitive sets and distance on counselee affective self-disclosure in later…

Investigated the relationship between behavior variables and pretherapy variables and found significant positive relationships. The amount of work a patient produced in a therapy group was highly related to pretraining levels of on-task behavior. Psychiatric interview variables were poor predictors of pretraining behaviors. (JAC)

The ethnographer should be part historian, part psychologist, part sociologist, part anthropologist, and must apply rigorous and consistent rules and procedure to the various steps in his/her research in order to arrive at reliable conclusions. An ethnographic observational study of administrative behavior of eight school superintendents provides…

Predicted that the accuracy of evaluating videotape replay of one's own behavior is related to the defense mechanism clusters of the evaluator. Results confirmed the prediction. Furthermore, subjects characterized by projection clusters tended to produce the greatest distortions, and those characterized by turning-against-self clusters evaluated…

Investigated the influence of sex-role-related aspects of students' self-concept on making a decision about choice of college, choice of a major, and selection of an occupation. Sex role self-concept was related to progress on all three decisions. Patterns of results were different for men and women. (Author)

Assessed the value of "noncontractual social exchange" (NSE) to describe leader behavior. Results of an experiment using an in-basket memo device showed that subordinate competence best predicted the intentions of such behavior by a sample of working adults: subjects were more likely to initiate NSE with highly competent subordinates. (Author)

Mothers of 182 nursery school children completed the Behavior Style Questionnaire (BSQ) and the Child Personality Scale (CPS). Intercorrelational analyses showed many significantly correlated items. Scores of the five CPS factors clearly distinguished between subjects in easy and difficult BSQ clusters. Found boys significantly more introverted…

Critiques recent research in the field of women in management. Suggests that only a small portion of potential topics has been investigated. Recommends intensive efforts to identify and evaluate alternative solutions to the problems of discrimination and differential socialization. (Author)

Investigated the extent to which Swedish couples (N=128) share domestic tasks using a mail survey. Suggests Swedish couples shared household chores more evenly than American couples. Results indicated variables measuring social exchange theory, family life-cycle stage, and socialization had the greatest influence on role sharing behavior.…

Surveyed 928 older Bostonians and found a negative correlation between age and alcohol consumption among older adults. Retrospective data suggest that there are cohort or generational patterns of drinking behavior by older adults. Survey provides no insight into the historical factors which account for the differences in alcohol use. (Author/JAC)

Describes a group exercise based on the idea that people implicitly attempt to elicit (or pull) certain reactions from people in their everyday lives. Emphasizes the potential for adapting such an exercise to a variety of purposes. (Author)

Seven experiments investigated adults' knowledge of routine activities (e.g., eating in a restaurant) and how that knowledge is organized and used to understand and remember narrative texts. "Script" denotes these action stereotypes; the role of script knowledge in text memory is discussed, as is the relation of scripts to schema memory.…