The concept of place identity is a theoretical necessity for understanding the impact of the urban environment on the individual. Place identity refers to clusters of perceptions in the form of images, memories, facts, ideas, beliefs, values, and behavior tendencies relevant to the individual's existence in the physical world. These clusters are…

Forty-one college students participated in a study designed to gather validity and reliability information on a procedure used to measure communication competence, the Communication Competency Assessment Instrument (CCAI). The study, in confirming operationalization validity, found that self-report measures correlated only slightly with…

A literature review of communications, psychological, physiological and other sociobehavioral research literature reveals a number of paradoxes regarding the emphasis by information gatekeepers, media, and audiences on messages that are negative, critical, pessimistic, conflict-and-tension-producing, skeptical, punitive, threatening,…

A survey of 222 grade school children indicates that sex differences in emotional response to failure might further explain the fact that boys have learning difficulties more often than girls, and that girls' relatively more advanced cognitive development is thought to partially account for the situation. (Author/MC)

This study assumes that all suicidal and self-destructive behavior can be placed on a continuum from hopeful (H) to hopeless (S). The author attempts to show that there is an underlying continuum of hope corresponding to what we know about the statistics of suicidal behavior. He employs two operational hypotheses as tests of his ideas: (1) a group…

This study is based on Locke's (1968) hypothesis that individuals will spontaneously set performance goals when feedback is related to a standard of performance. The study tests Locke's proposal in an actual work setting by comparing the performance rate of keystroke operators who received feedback and a standard with that of a control group who…

Both criterion-referenced testing and behavioral assessment share the basic assumption that test behavior is a sample rather than a sign. In addition, both types of assessment focus on response capabilities and performance in specified content domains. Although content validity has been traditionally recognized as essential to criterion-referenced…

This report examines the use of leisure time in North America. Some conclusions are as follows. Situational factors of association, frequency, location, and scheduling were found more highly correlated with the kinds of leisure chosen by adults than either census-data or immediate community variables. The type of activity is one significant…

The problem-solving performance of young boys and girls was examined in three conditions in which good performance was indicated as being appropriate for boys, for girls, or for both boys and girls. The relations between task scores and five sex-role measures were also examined. As predicted, the boys performed significantly poorer when the task…

This handbook offers a comprehensive review of the social and psychological problems of child abuse and the role of the schools and community agencies in dealing with the problem. Sections elaborate the historical perspective, legal problems of definition and legislation, incidence and etiology of abuse. Identification by the school, reporting,…

Suggests a way for teachers to organize their observations of children into valid, reliable, nonjudgmental descriptions in order to help an assessment team diagnose special problems. Gives guideline questions concerning visual, motor, social-emotional and other behaviors that can alert teachers to inconsistent development in young children. (BRT)