Results of an analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of the Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.) with 440 classrooms and 10,000 students over 4 years indicated that D.A.R.E. participation resulted in greater self-esteem, stronger institutional bonds, and endorsement of fewer risky behaviors. Program effects counteracted the negative effects…

A random telephone survey of 1,004 households in the Washington, DC, area found that alcohol use and alcohol-impaired driving, in particular, were seen as a serious problem by over 80% of the respondents. Strong support was found for legal sanctions against underage alcohol use. (SLD)

This study shadowed and interviewed eight high school principals to identify and describe how these administrators' actions influenced teachers' quality of working life. Principals positively influenced the respect accorded teachers, teacher participation in decisions affecting their work, professional collaboration and interaction, use of skills…

This study compared the clinical efficacy of a dopaminergic antagonist (amisulpride) and a dopaminergic agonist (bromocriptine) with 9 children (ages 4-13) with autism and probable severe mental retardation. The amisulpride acted preferentially on specific autism symptoms and the bromocriptine on motor hyperactivity and attention symptoms.…

Differences between high school and college students' and male and female students perceptions of one form of male sexually aggressive behavior against women were studied with 108 college students and 96 high school juniors. Findings suggest that the sensitivity gap between males and females may lessen with age for males. (SLD)

Effective administrator preparation programs provide students with self-awareness and insight about their thought patterns and behaviors' influence on executing their leadership roles. This paper describes a current university pilot program based on these assumptions, discusses program effectiveness as perceived by student participants, and…

Parents of 42 children (ages 2-32) with Lesch-Nyhan disease were questioned concerning the subjects' behavior patterns. Grouping of responses into nine categories of cognitive skills indicated that only one boy showed any significant cognitive impairment. Despite evidence of good cognitive and emotional skills, subjects were academically delayed,…

Selecting and evaluating general surgery residents were studied using the Critical Incident Technique for 235 critical incidents identified by 10 faculty members and 4 senior residents. Derived categories of behavior to define surgical competence were used to develop an interview evaluation form and a handbook for interviewing applicants. (SLD)

A study compared emphasis given to various therapies in 6 psychiatry residencies (n=29 students) and by 87 practicing psychiatrists. Time allocations to therapies were relatively consistent among but not within programs. Highly trained and less highly trained practitioners extended their practices to therapies in which they were not extensively…

Restructuring requires that educational leaders have new frameworks for interpreting participant behaviors. Paulo Freire has defined characteristics of people moving toward higher thinking levels and decision-making ability. Combining Freire's thoughts with restructuring provides a conceptual model allowing leaders to interpret the organizational…

Using a 1987 sample of 526 undergraduates, this study examines changes in student alcohol use, alcohol abuse, and attitudes toward drinking over their college careers. The maturation of attitude and behavior observed in females was not seen in males, for whom college may represent a period of protracted adolescence. (SLD)

Describes the evaluation of a training program in the Netherlands to enhance the professional competence of residential child-care workers in dealing with difficult situations involving adolescents. Pretest and posttest data from 35 adult subjects and 20 controls indicate a significant increase in knowledge and behavior after the program. (SLD)

Argues that post-structuralism can deconstruct interaction patterns and help question assumptions about teaching and learning. Discusses construction of gender and the story lines that evolve through the use of a metaphor of the story of "The Three Bears." Gives examples of interactions in child care and preschool settings to make the…

Studied patterns of coping behavior and changes in coping for 169 Australian adolescents at grade levels 7, 9, and 11 using the Adolescent Coping Scale (E. Frydenberg and R. Lewis, 1993). Findings highlight differences in development of coping patterns between boys and girls. Discusses implications for the teaching of coping skills. (SLD)

Four social-cognitive processes (encoding, cue interpretation, strategy generation, and evaluation of consequences) were investigated with 55 upper elementary children with mild mental retardation. Analysis of responses to videotaped vignettes of social conflict situations indicated children more accurately interpreted hostile than benign…