FOR 5 WEEKS, 2 OBSERVERS MADE DAILY VISITS TO A LABORATORY PRESCHOOL TO COLLECT INFORMATION ON THE AMOUNT AND KINDS OF POSITIVE SOCIAL REINFORCEMENT CHILDREN GIVE TO EACH OTHER IN NURSERY SCHOOL. SEVENTY CHILDREN (AGED 3 YEARS 4 MONTHS TO 4 YEARS 9 MONTHS) WERE GROUPED INTO 2 OLDER AND 2 YOUNGER CLASSES. EACH CHILD WAS OBSERVED IN RANDOM ORDER FOR…

A CROSS-CULTURAL NURSERY SCHOOL PROVIDED THE MILIEU IN WHICH THE FEELINGS OF THE ALIENATED POOR WERE OBSERVED. TYPICALLY, THE FAMILIES OF THE PRESCHOOL CHILDREN FEEL HOPELESS, HELPLESS, WORTHLESS, AND ISOLATED. THEIR HOPELESSNESS MAY BE A REACTION TO BEING JUDGED AS INCOMPETENT BY SOCIETY AND THEY BECOME PRESENT- RATHER THAN FUTURE-ORIENTED.…

Systematic investigations have verified the existence of a number of behavioral manifestations of the "Type A" behavior pattern. For example, brief exposure to salient uncontrollable stress has led to enhanced performance by Type A's on a subsequent task, whereas prolonged exposure has lead to performance deterioration. The ongoing experiences of…

This volume of studies which focus on women themselves is intended for persons who want to know more about what current research is revealing about women, their lives, and their mental health. The research topics address the following areas of concern: (1) sex roles and sex stereotypes; (2) women and work both inside and outside the home; (3)…

This dissertation examined the acquisition and development of children's social/symbolic and strategic communication abilities within a sociolinguistic model of communication competence. The major theoretical perspective was derived from the symbolic interactionism of Mead and the cognitive developmental theories of Piaget and Werner. The sample…

The experiment reported in this dissertation investigated the effect of similarity/dissimilarity of race and personal interests on empathy and altruism in second graders. It was hypothesized that white children would empathize more with other white children than with black children. It was also hypothesized that white children would empathize more…

Many factors are contributive to a rise in the rate of remarriage among older adults. Statistical and survey data on the condition of the elderly suggest that: (1) the number of elderly marriages has increased dramatically in recent years; (2) improved health status allows older adults greater socialization and mobility which greatly enhance the…

Inherent in all sport, dance, and movement activity are implied patterns of interaction between and among all participants and the relevant characteristics of their environment. Through these patterns children learn various structures of acceptable social behavior as defined by the roles-oriented value system of our culture. Eight different…

A total of 734 sixth through twelfth grade students completed two questionnaires in a study that focused on the development of consumer skills, the sources of consumer skill acquisition, the effects of cognitive development and social factors on the socialization processes, and the effects of levels of competency on various consumer skills. A…

This book is an overview of leisure in modern society and the various kinds of organizations that provide leisure services. The attitudes and behaviors of people engaged in leisure and recreation are examined. In twelve chapters the following topics are explored: (1) the concepts of leisure in historical perspective; (2) various lines of reasoning…

This paper describes an assessment of interpersonal power in a sample of college-age dating couples using both self-report and behavioral measures. While self-reports revealed egalitarian ideals, less than half the respondents perceived their current relationship as egalitarian in practice; rather, these relationships tended to be male-dominated.…

To determine whether individuals with different sexual identities exhibit different amounts of touching behavior, 199 undergraduates completed the Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI) and a modification of the Touch Avoidance Measure (TAM). The BSRI produced scores indicating an individual's degree of association with both masculine and feminine traits.…

This notebook for teachers is the result of (1) a workshop held to discuss ways of working with children who do not respond in traditional ways to learning, despite their high IQ's and apparent abilities, and (2) a questionnaire which was sent to various schools inside and outside the United States designed to elicit specific information on what…

The relationship between schizophrenia and social change is examined through a review of recent medical research in genetics, biology, and epidemiology. Those mental traits that today in our society characterize the schizoprenic, in a previous era or in another society may have provided a mechanism for cultural change during the periods of stress…

The phenomenon of the close relationship between communication and public opinion is shown in this book to have played a major role historically in the measurement of support for political policies, officials, and candidates. The communications media influence public opinion and are subject to it; yet the precise nature and definition of public…