Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the sleep problems of preschoolers and the predictive power of children's sleep environment and daily routines on sleep problems. Method: The study, which is a cross-sectional survey study, was conducted on preschoolers in Turkey (n = 442). The data were collected based on the parents' reports about the…

Purpose: This paper seeks to examine the spatial patterns of student use of machines in each laboratory to whether there are underlying commonalities. Design/methodology/approach: The research was carried out by assessing the user behaviour in 16 computer laboratories at a regional university in Australia. Findings: The study found that computers…

Examined the regulation of personal space in preschool children by studying adult-child dyads. Detailed analysis of simultaneous movements revealed a highly significant behavioral pattern consisting predominantly of approaches and withdrawals by both members of the dyad. (Author/DB)

The results presented support the hypotheses that the largest area of personal space would be used by individuals who are high in authoritarianism and low in self esteem, and that these individuals would also show the largest discrepancy between personal space used in response to white and black stimuli. (Author)

In recent years the college dormitory has become a popular setting for examining chronic effects of crowding and high density in humans. Possible differences between corridor- and suite-type residents were investigated to examine the degree to which corridor- and suite-design dormitories influence assertive behavior of the residents. It was…

Empirical evidence indicates that intrusions into an individual's personal space may produce anxiety and defensive or avoidance behaviors which might be reduced when conversation occurs between interactants. This paper briefly presents two field experiments designed to investigate this possibility. The first study hypothesized that invasion of…

Views proxemics literature from a theoretical framework based on norms and expectations and presents a model for predicting effects of violations of proxemic expectations. (MH)

Observes the seating arrangements by sex of three or more people seated at rectangular tables in 176 social and 150 nonsocial settings. Postulates the importance of situational context and learned sexual norms in the observed spatial behaviors. (RL)

Preference for personal space was related in this study to psychological maladjustment, aggressiveness, and body experience. Results indicated that individuals who tend to be maladjusted and individuals who tend to be aggressive preferred more personal space in face-to-face encounters in which the S was approached by a stranger. (Author)

Investigated the effects of selected spatial-environmental conditions on counselor and counselee interview behaviors. Rated excerpts from initial sessions. Results indicated significant effects of distance on counselor concreteness, lighting on counselor communication of cognitive sets and distance on counselee affective self-disclosure in later…

The effects of induced status differences on (1) seating position and (2) interpersonal distance from a confederate of a given status level were investigated. Using behavioral measures, induced status differences were found to influence both the amount of interpersonal distance and the quality of space. The results suggest simulation techniques…

Examines three particular areas of nonverbal communication important to adult educators: proxemics (interrelated observations and theories of people's use of space as a specialized elaboration of culture), eye contact, and touch. The implications of nonverbal communication for teaching adults are surveyed. (CT)

This article describes a study concerning temporary territories in public settings. Implications of the results for territorial typologies, animal-human territorial differences, and future research on human territoriality are outlined. (Author/SA)

Deals with a study conducted in Costa Rica, Panama, and Columbia to determine whether Latin Americans have similar distance and contact orientations regardless of sex and nationality. Concludes that the differences in behavior between the Central and South Americans are significant enough to warrant further research. (MH)