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Direct linkCaldarella, Paul; Larsen, Ross A. A.; Williams, Leslie; Downs, Kade R.; Wills, Howard P.; Wehby, Joseph H. – Educational Psychology, 2020
Although many educators are familiar with a suggested 3:1 or 4:1 praise-to-reprimand ratio (PRR), relatively little research has been conducted on this subject. Three years of data collected across three states in the United States, from 19 elementary schools and 151 classrooms, during a multi-site efficacy trial were used to analyse the effect of…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Learner Engagement, Time on Task, Classroom Techniques
Download full textCaldarella, Paul; Larsen, Ross A. A.; Williams, Leslie; Downs, Kade R.; Wills, Howard P.; Wehby, Joseph H. – Grantee Submission, 2020
Though many educators are familiar with a suggested 3:1 or 4:1 praise-to-reprimand ratio (PRR), relatively little research has been conducted on this subject. Three years of data collected across three states in the United States, from 19 elementary schools and 151 classrooms, during a multi-site efficacy trial were used to analyse the effect of…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Learner Engagement, Time on Task, Classroom Techniques
Nelson, Melanie A.; Caldarella, Paul; Hansen, Blake D.; Graham, Mark A.; Williams, Leslie; Wills, Howard P. – Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 2018
Disruptive student behavior, a common concern for teachers, presents particular challenges for those who teach art. Class-Wide Function-Related Intervention Teams (CW-FIT) is a multitiered intervention for implementing effective classroom management strategies aligned with schoolwide positive behavior interventions and supports. CW-FIT has proven…
Descriptors: Student Behavior, Behavior Problems, Art Education, Intervention
