Adolescent risky behaviors are often interpreted as products of self-control failures stemming from a developmental mismatch between reward processing and cognitive control systems. However, adolescents -- much like adults -- may also engage in risky behaviors because of conscious and deliberate (even if objectively poor) decisions. It is not easy…

At-risk students who exhibit disruptive behavior need opportunities to fit into the traditional school setting. Teachers need to employ a progressive, cooperative approach in which these students are helped to acknowledge that their behavior is unacceptable. The profile of an at-risk student might include the following characteristics: hostility,…