Sequential treatment involving systematic desensitization and relaxation, symbolic (film), live, and participant modeling were employed in the successful alleviation of a severe snake phobia. Implications are discussed regarding the utility of programs attuned to the needs of individual patients. (Author)

Desensitization or assertive training or both were applied to hospitalized schizophrenics who displayed phobias, lack of interpersonal assertiveness, or both. In none of the patients did desensitization produce any reduction of avoidance of the feared object. The assertive training produces minimal improvement in two patients. (Author)

Behavioral literature on childhood fears, including conceptual models, normative research, and fear-reduction studies is reviewed. (Author/MP)

Flooding and systematic desensitization procedures were investigated for possible interactions with subject arousal level on reduction in phobic reactions. No such interaction was found. Behaviorally and on GSR response, both flooding and systematic desensitization were effective, but only the latter was effective on subjective reports. (NG)