The vagueness of the educational aims of Israel's Education Act of 1953 made the translation of general objectives into functional objectives necessary. General objectives were translated into more precisely defined behavioral objectives by Israel experts. The level of public acceptance of the behavioral statements was assessed. (BJG)

A properly chosen test model defines the kind of dependence of the observable behavior on underlying abilities of the persons tested in the form of a data-adequate theory. The limitations and potential of several test models are detailed; and they are critically compared as an aspect of empirical evaluation. (Author/MV)

Learning outcomes are statements of intended learning within a module. In practice, students may consider various options when undertaking assessments. They may feel they can meet the stated learning outcomes by demonstrating other aspects of study which are termed "distractions." Thirty-three undergraduate students' constructed scientific posters…

This paper discusses technical issues related to methods of reporting the outcomes of graded tests, with reference to three existing schemes which exemplify differing graded test models. The models are designed for secondary school pupils and are operated in one or more Local Education Authorities in the South of England. (LMO)

This paper describes steps in the criterion-referenced measurement process. Specific strategies are offered for devising a decision-making process that does not destroy the wealth of information in the criterion referenced base and that does not require complicated mathematics or arduous analysis. (LMO)

The graded test movement is currently attracting interest in the United Kingdom as a possible alternative to existing public examinations. Three key features of graded tests are: (1) emphasis on student success; (2) a progressive sequence of levels; and (3) tasks to be mastered by candidates being clearly specified. (LMO)

A test score can be used for individual instructional diagnosis after determining whether: (1) difficulty of the test items was consistent with the complexity of the content measured; (2) items measuring the same underlying process were about equally difficult; and (3) partial credit scoring would increase the reliability of the diagnosis. (LMO)

This paper presents one perspective on a new methodology of program evaluation which defines four phases corresponding to the operational life of a school program. Examples and results are discussed in terms of relevance to basic skills improvement efforts and cost-effects. (LMO)

Problems associated with evaluating the restructured curriculum and educational system implemented in Kenya in 1985 are reviewed. Most of the problems center around time constraints and the large numbers of students versus the small numbers of teachers and administrators. (SLD)

Dutch-speaking Belgian students scored higher than students from eight other non-English speaking countries on a reading comprehension test. There was a two-thirds overlap between the test and English curriculum. Teachers' expectations corresponded well with obtained scores. (CP)